All patients with congenital heart disease should be given antibiotics to prevent infective endocarditis before and after any other procedures, including tooth extraction and tonsillectomy. Before discussing the causes of congenital heart disease, let’s elaborate on how congenital heart disease develops. A heart with a local anatomical abnormality caused by a disorder in the formation of the heart and large blood vessels during the period of human embryonic development (within the first 2-3 months of pregnancy), or a failure to close channels that should close automatically after birth (which is normal in the fetus), is called congenital heart disease. Except for small ventricular septal defects that have a chance to heal spontaneously before the age of 2 years, the vast majority require surgical treatment. The main clinical manifestations are cardiac insufficiency, cyanosis, and dysplasia. Pre-operative considerations for congenital heart disease Patients with congenital heart disease who have not undergone congenital heart disease surgery, are temporarily unfit for congenital heart disease surgery, or have mild lesions that are not considered for congenital heart disease surgery, are advised to avoid overexertion, prevent infection, and pay attention to personal hygiene to avoid heart failure, infective endocarditis, or thromboembolism. Congenital heart diseases such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus are often prone to pneumonia and heart failure, and congenital heart diseases such as tetralogy of Fallot can often be complicated by cerebral thrombosis and brain abscess, and the above congenital heart diseases are all prone to bacterial endocarditis except atrial septal defect. If it occurs, it should be treated early with internal medicine. All patients with congenital heart disease should be given antibiotics to prevent infective endocarditis before and after any other surgery, including tooth extraction, tonsillectomy, etc.