Diagnostic methods for tubal pathology: 1) tubal lavage 2) hysterosalpingogram 3) hysterosalpingogram 4) laparoscopy Currently, hysterosalpingogram is the most commonly used. It is performed on 3-7 days after menstruation and can show abnormalities in the uterine cavity, whether the fallopian tubes are patent, and if they are blocked, roughly where they are, and by checking the diffusion of contrast around the fallopian tubes. Indirectly, it can estimate whether there are adhesions around the fallopian tubes. The two main types of treatment for tubal infertility are surgery and IVF. Depending on the location of the fallopian tube lesion, it can be divided into proximal, middle and distal. 1. Proximal tubal obstruction: the technique of guidewire can be used for unblocking. If the unblocking fails, the obstructed part can be removed and the uterus and fallopian tube can be anastomosed again. 2.Middle tubal obstruction: often caused by ligation or ectopic pregnancy, the obstructed part can be removed and the two ends can be anastomosed together. 3.Distal tubal obstruction with fluid or adhesions around the umbilical end: the tubal blockage can be removed surgically or the tubal blockage can be opened for ostomy to separate the adhesions around the umbilical end in the hope of restoring the function of the tubal. The above surgeries can be performed through open abdomen, but due to the development of minimally invasive technology in recent years, most of the above surgeries can be performed under laparoscopy, which has the characteristics of small trauma and fast postoperative recovery. However, the postoperative pregnancy rate is highly dependent on the degree of tubal lesion and the experience of the surgeon. For mild to moderate tubal damage, the postoperative results are good, while for severe damage, the postoperative pregnancy rate is very low. If you still cannot get pregnant 6-12 months after surgery, or if the tubal lesions are severe, you can choose IVF directly to help you conceive. Unlike surgery that aims to repair the diseased fallopian tubes, IVF is performed by applying ovulation-promoting drugs to make more follicles grow and develop, using ultrasound-guided puncture to remove the eggs, fertilize them in the laboratory with sperm to turn them into embryos, and transfer the embryos directly into the uterine cavity to develop into a fetus. The embryo is transferred directly into the uterine cavity and finally develops into a fetus, eliminating the use and reliance on the diseased fallopian tube for conception. This technique was first successful in the UK in 1978 and produced the first IVF case in mainland China in Beijing in 1988, and has now helped millions of infertile couples worldwide to achieve success. The main treatments for tubal infertility are surgery and IVF. The best way to achieve the goal is determined by the degree of tubal lesions, ovarian reserve function, male partner’s semen condition and the surgical conditions of the hospital where the procedure is performed.