In hypertension, the heart and blood vessels are the main target organs for the pathophysiological effects of hypertension. Long-term hypertension can increase the pressure load on the heart, and growth factors such as catecholamines and angiotensin II can stimulate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, leading to hypertrophy and dilatation of the left ventricle. Long-term hypertension, when hypertrophy or enlargement of the heart occurs, is called hypertensive heart disease. Hypertensive heart disease is often combined with coronary atherosclerosis and microvascular lesions, which can eventually lead to heart failure or severe arrhythmias and even death.