Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common, chronic, public health disorder that is classified by the DSM-5 as a trauma and stress-related disorder, along with acute stress disorder (ASD). It is a painful and incurable disorder that is often seen after a severe shock or stress (e.g., after an earthquake), and we currently have limited means and medications to treat it, and the efficacy is not certain, so it is especially necessary to prevent PTSD. Classification of traditional prevention approaches Tertiary prevention: To prevent chronic diseases, three types of preventive measures, namely etiological prevention, triple early prevention and clinical prevention, are often taken for different stages of chronic disease onset, development or deterioration. The three preventive measures are called tertiary prevention because they are consecutive and sequential. Primary prevention, also called etiological prevention, is to take measures against the causative factors (or risk factors) when the disease has not yet occurred, and is also the fundamental measure to prevent and eliminate the disease. The basic principles of primary prevention are “reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and psychological balance”. Secondary prevention is also known as three early preventions, namely early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. It is a measure taken to prevent or slow down the development of diseases. Tertiary prevention, also known as clinical prevention, prevents disability and promotes functional recovery, improves the quality of survival, prolongs life expectancy, and reduces the rate of death from disease, and is mainly a symptomatic treatment and rehabilitation quality measure. Universal prevention is aimed at all populations, while selective prevention is aimed at a small group of people at high risk, and risk factors can be age, gender, occupation, and other characteristics. Finally, he noted that prevention is aimed at groups that do not have clinical manifestations but are at high risk factors. First, it is a stress-related disorder, so the primary requirement for diagnosis is a history of being under stress; second, it requires a certain duration, from 3 days to 1 month after the stressor trauma for ASD and more than 1 month for PTSD. Finally, ASD and PTSD are similar to other psychiatric disorders in that they are a group of symptomatic disorders with mostly somatic symptoms and no organic pathology. Therefore, we refer to prevention prior to stressor trauma as primary prevention, and we refer to prevention after stressor trauma that does not lead to PTSD (i.e., symptoms that do not persist for more than 1 month) as secondary prevention. Primary prevention includes any interventions that precede the stressor trauma and improve the stress capacity of the body, and can be generalized to the population or targeted to specific at-risk groups. Secondary prevention is aimed at individuals with ASD. Tertiary prevention, on the other hand, is the management of PTSD after its onset, which overlaps with the management of post-traumatic stress disorder and is not discussed here. Prognosis of symptoms According to our research, there are 5 prognoses for PTSD, including: healing, chronicity, improvement, worsening/worsening, and deterioration. Based on the above symptom classification, we can better propose interventions and preventive measures until individualized interventions to better prevent trauma and stress-related disorders. Primary prevention 1. Prevention of traumatic events We can reduce the occurrence of traumatic events to achieve the purpose of prevention. For example, we can reduce the number of car accidents by increasing the efforts to investigate drunk driving and increasing the penalties for drunk driving, thus reducing the occurrence of traumatic events and ultimately achieving the goal of preventing trauma and stress-related disorders. 2. Improve the stress capacity of the body Conduct stress management training, including psychological education, and improve the stress capacity to improve the stress capacity of the body. However, this preventive measure does not have much evidence of effectiveness. Secondary prevention 1. Targeted interventions Targeted interventions to specific populations to prevent trauma and stress-related disorders. For example, studies have shown that women with a family history of psychiatric disorders are more likely to develop trauma and stress-related disorders. This kind of people is our target group, and we can achieve prevention by intervening in this specific group of people. 2. Psychological interventions We can treat ASD patients through cognitive behavioral intervention therapy (CBT). PD has been proven not to be an effective psychological intervention, while CBT-based psychological interventions are known to be effective in treating chronic PTSD. 3. Pharmacological interventions Safe and effective pharmacological interventions are essential for the prevention and treatment of trauma and stress-related disorders. However, only a few medications for interventions have been clinically tested, and the therapeutic effects of most medications are not conclusive. Currently effective medications include: glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone), however, all of these medications have more serious side effects and the pros and cons of using these medications are worthy of the discretion of the patient as well as the physician. Other medications such as beta-blockers (propranolol), benzodiazepines, opioids, ketamine, and salbutamol have not been shown to be effective in ASD and PTSD. There is a paucity of evidence on the effectiveness of modalities to prevent ASD and PTSD, and further research and confirmation is needed. Primary prevention can be achieved by reducing the occurrence of traumatic events and strengthening the stress capacity of the body. The target population for secondary prevention is still uncertain and needs to be studied further. Psychological interventions, on the other hand, are the most studied and currently confirmed to have a basic effect on prevention and treatment, and we need to study more effective psychological interventions. As for pharmacological interventions, very few drugs have been tested in clinical trials, and most of the results have been disappointing. There is some evidence that hydrocortisone is effective in preventing PTSD, but patients with its indications still need to weigh efficacy against side effects. Other drugs, such as propranolol, do not have relevant evidence for their effectiveness.