The treatment of kidney stones should be based on the principles of eliminating symptoms, removing stones, protecting kidney function, dealing with the causes and preventing recurrence, and implementing individualized therapy. For mild pain, non-steroidal analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs can be taken, together with antispasmodic drugs, and for severe pain, pethidine can be injected for analgesia; antibiotic treatment should be applied in time for infection. If the stone is <0.6 cm, smooth surface and no obstruction in the urinary tract below the stone, pharmacological lithotripsy can be used; extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is feasible for kidney stones and upper ureteral stones ≤2 cm in diameter. When the pain cannot be relieved by drugs or the stone diameter is large, surgical treatment measures should be considered.