The aorta is composed of three structural layers, called the intima, mesentery and epia. The so-called aortic coarctation occurs when the endothelium of the aorta tears for various reasons and the arterial blood flow enters the middle of the aortic wall through this fissure, thus causing a separation of the aortic wall. The blood flow expands distally and proximally along the aortic wall and can involve the entire length of the thoracic aorta and even the abdominal aorta and its branches. Therefore, aortic coarctation is so devastating that it is called “catastrophic disease” of the aorta. If the original lumen of the artery is called the true lumen, the lumen formed by the separation of the middle membrane is the false lumen. The false lumen and the true lumen are like the layers of a “sandwich”, and a rupture can be life-threatening. Therefore, we often compare aortic coarctation to a life-threatening “sandwich”.