The thyroid gland is the largest secretory organ in the body, affecting the function of every organ in the body and controlling the metabolic activities of the body. 1, iodine source factors: iodine is an important substance for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, if too much or too little iodine in the body will cause thyroid disease. Insufficient iodine intake in the body can cause goiter and hypothyroidism. Iodine can be prevented through food supplementation. 2, hereditary factors: thyroid disease is more likely to occur in women, especially middle-aged women, there is a certain degree of heredity. Family genetic factors can cause impaired synthesis of thyroid hormones, which can lead to the occurrence of goiter and hypothyroidism. This situation is not good to prevent, need to do the problem in time to be detected. 3, autoimmune factors: autoimmune defects and mental stimulation can cause damage to the thyroid gland, causing the body to develop hypothyroidism and so on. Some can also stimulate the thyroid gland to secrete excessive thyroxine causing hyperthyroidism. 4. Medical factors: If thyroid hormone is taken in excess, it can cause hyperthyroidism; improper use of thyroid medication can cause hypothyroidism. Treatment of this condition must be carried out under the guidance of a doctor and reviewed regularly. Adjustment of treatment is necessary for effective prevention. There are several common causes of thyroid disorders such as the above, and it is important to take better care of them in daily life and have regular medical checkups.