Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a public health problem of great concern worldwide and is a serious threat to human health and quality of life. The risk of complications such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome is also significantly increased. Data show that the global incidence of CKD patients is increasing year by year. In the United States, there were approximately 200 million adult patients with CKD in 2000, of which 435,000 were ESRD cases; while ESRD patients increased from 340,000 in 1999 to an estimated 651,000 in 2010; the incidence of ESRD has been increasing doubly every 10 years since 1980 [1]. In Asia, there were approximately 349,911 ESRD cases in 2004. Due to the increasing incidence of CKD patients, there is also a serious economic burden on society. It is estimated that by 2010, the medical costs of CKD in the United States were estimated to be $28 billion/year, not including the resulting costs such as cardiovascular complications and infections, which are approximately $90 billion/year. However, epidemiological data found that the incidence of CKD in children does not seem to be increasing year by year like adults, and the incidence of ESRD in children is basically stable at 3-15.5 per million children, which is probably due to the fact that many children with CKD progress slowly to ESRD in adulthood. Therefore, it is of great importance and concern how to detect early, standardize treatment in a timely manner, and develop reasonable and comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies so that CKD patients can be effectively managed and treated in a timely manner and improve their prognosis, as well as to better improve the quality of life of these patients. To this end, in 2002, the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) issued the K/DOQI (kidney disease outcomes quality initiative) for adults and children with chronic kidney disease regarding early detection, staging, assessment and treatment of CKD patients. The K/DOQI (kidney disease outcomes quality initiative) clinical practice guidelines for adults and children with chronic kidney disease were soon recognized worldwide. Many countries have developed corresponding guidelines for the management of CKD according to their national conditions. Our country is also actively searching for guidelines on the management of CKD-related survival quality that are suitable for our national conditions [1-4]. Clinically relevant issues I. How to properly understand CKD? Definition of CKD: CKD refers to those who meet one of the following conditions: 1. Renal damage (structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney) for ≥3 months with or without a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Renal damage features include 1 or more of the following: (1) abnormal blood or urine composition; (2) abnormal imaging studies; (3) abnormal kidney biopsy. 2, GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for ≥3 months, with or without the above renal impairment. Renal damage can be by blood, urine or imaging abnormalities, not necessarily by renal biopsy; among them, persistent proteinuria is a very important indicator of renal damage. The definition of CKD includes normal GFR and GFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2) without any other evidence of renal damage. The rationale for the former is that actual renal damage often occurs before GFR decreases and these individuals are at increased risk for poor prognosis of CKD; the rationale for the latter is that renal function decreases below this level with at least 50% of the original loss of renal function, a level at which CKD complications begin to increase and CKD staging is generally more consistent with the severity and nature of expected CKD complications [4]. ?