Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the main manifestations of rheumatic fever, is a common connective tissue disease with wandering, multiple joint swelling and pain as the main clinical manifestation. Rheumatic fever, a recurrent acute or chronic systemic connective tissue inflammation caused by infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, mainly involves joints, heart, skin and subcutaneous tissues. The joint lesions of rheumatic fever are generally referred to as rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis occurs most often in the winter and spring rainy seasons, with cold and moisture being important triggers. Rheumatoid arthritis is more common in children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 15, and is more or less equally prevalent in men and women. The main clinical manifestations are wandering redness, swelling, heat and pain in large joints such as knees, ankles, elbows, wrists and shoulders, which usually subside within 2 weeks and recur due to cold weather. In addition, patients may have irregular fever, subcutaneous nodules, ring-shaped erythema, and chorea in children, i.e., purposeless, involuntary trunk or limb movements, facial movements such as eyebrow squeezing and blinking, head shaking and neck turning, mouth pouting and tongue stretching, and rhythmless alternating limb movements such as extension and flexion, adduction and abduction, forward and backward rotation, which are aggravated by excitement and disappear during sleep. Some patients may also show symptoms of cardiac damage, such as myocarditis, endocarditis, and pericarditis. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are mostly positive for serum anti-streptococcal hemolysin. Blood sedimentation and C-reactive protein are mostly elevated during the acute phase of the disease and can decrease after treatment. Aspirin is commonly used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, diclofenac sodium, indomethacin anti-inflammatory painkillers can also be used, some patients also need to use glucocorticoids. Rheumatoid arthritis generally does not cause joint deformities, and the prognosis is better after systematic and standardized treatment. Therefore, once the symptoms and signs of rheumatoid arthritis are suspected, come to the rheumatology department as soon as possible, and under the guidance of the rheumatologist, improve the auxiliary tests to clarify the diagnosis.