The etiology and pathogenesis of malignant tumors mainly lie in the deficiency of positive and evil, which has been recognized by most physicians. However, there are still some controversies about the roles of deficiency of positive and evil in the occurrence and development of tumors, and how to support positive and eliminate evil in treatment. The occurrence and development of malignant tumors are related to the loss of positive energy and internal imbalance of the human body, which has been written by ancient medical practitioners. For example, in the “Spiritual Pivot”, there is a record that “people who are good at disease accumulation in the intestines, …… thin skin and not Ze, meat is not firm and Nao Ze, the evil Qi stay stopped, accumulation is hurt”, “warm gas does not work, blood condensation and not dispersed, fluid astringent seepage, and not go, and the accumulation of all become. Go, and the accumulation of all into carry on”. On the surface, it only mentions “minor illnesses” such as “the skin and flesh are not firm and the warmth and qi do not work”, so how can they lead to “accumulation is injured” and “accumulation is all formed”? “How can it lead to such “evil diseases”? If we take a closer look at it, what is implied under the appearance of “weak skin and flesh, warmth and qi” is the internal potential of “insufficient positive qi and internal imbalance”, therefore, it is under this internal condition that the tumor may further develop. It is also pointed out in the “Treatise on the Origin of Diseases” that “the Qi of the internal organs is weak, but the diet is not eliminated, and the knots are gathered inside, …… the person is thin, and the abdomen becomes large, which leads to death”, and for the first time, the digestive tract “obstruction” is attributed to the “internal organs”. It was the first time that the digestive tract “obstruction” was attributed to “weakness of the Qi of the internal organs”, and then “the diet does not subside” and “the agglomeration within”, which provided a strong basis for later medical practitioners to use medicine according to reason. In the analysis of the etiology of “choking and diaphragm”, a symptom related to gastric cancer, it is said in the “Pulse Causes and Evidence” that “the general reason is that the blood is depleted and the stomach and epigastrium are haggard, so that water and drink are feasible but food is difficult to enter, which is called choking; although food can enter, it comes out again after a long time, which is called diaphragm and is also called turning the stomach”; the “Jing Yue Quan Shu” also It is believed that “choke diaphragm evidence …… but in the weakened and depleted people have a lot of it”, it can be seen that choke diaphragm is also mostly due to internal factors such as lack of middle qi, blood depletion and other imbalances, and then the stomach and epigastric loss of moistening. Other tumors, such as “The Complete Guide to Good Recipes for Women” recorded that “Breast Rock …… is caused by liver and spleen depression and anger, and loss of qi and blood”; neck “loss of glory”, Ming Dynasty Chen Shigong “Surgery Zhengzong” recorded that “The tumor is caused by a deficiency of vital energy, or by an internal disorder, and the body’s resistance to it is reduced or absent. On the other hand, there are some medical practitioners who believe that the occurrence of malignant tumors is related to the damage caused by evil toxins, for example, “Ren Zai Zhi Zhi Fang” points out that “cancer, …… poisonous roots are deeply hidden and perforated through the inner part of the body”; “The Complete Book of Sore Experience” says that “anal swelling and pain The “Complete Book of Experience on Sores and Ulcers” says that “the pain is caused by a hard stool, the small ones are like pearls, the big ones are like plum kernels, the frying cold makes heat, the pain is difficult to rest, the potential is strong and swollen, the turning line is false and floating”, which is a dirty poison; “The Authentic Book of Surgery” says that “the poison is knotted in the internal organs, the fire and heat is injected into the anus, and the knot is swollen, the pain is even in the small abdomen, the anus is falling and heavy, … … …but do not eat, make thirsty very, where this has not seen its life”, pointing out that the prognosis is very poor. The above two views seem to be contradictory, but in fact, each reflects a side of the etiological and pathological characteristics of tumors. Sun Shi summarizes the experience of his predecessors and combined with his own clinical practice, he believes that the etiology and pathogenesis of malignant tumor is the coexistence of positive deficiency and evil reality, which are mutually causal, that is, the occurrence and development of tumor is based on the deficiency of positive qi, which is the essence of the human body, and the deficiency of the “essence of disease”. In other words, the occurrence and development of tumor is based on the “essence of the body” – deficiency of vital energy, and the “essence of the disease” – invasion of cancerous toxins as the root of the disease, both of which are indispensable. This statement actually emphasizes that “systemic condition” is the basic “internal environment” for the occurrence of malignant tumor, or that deficiency of positive qi and internal disorders (such as disorder of qi and blood, depression, qi-mechanism, etc.) are the causes of malignant tumor. The internal condition of malignant tumor is the deficiency of positive qi and internal disorder (such as disorder of qi and blood, depression, poor qi flow, etc.), which is also commonly said as “where the evil comes together, its qi will be deficient”. This statement emphasizes that “evil qi” is always driving the occurrence and development of diseases and is the root of diseases. Dr. Sun pointed out that many general internal diseases can also show deficiency of spleen and stomach, deficiency of spleen and kidney, Qi stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm coagulation, and even toxic nodules, but they are not necessarily malignant tumors, i.e., colon polyps can also show deficiency of spleen and kidney, Qi stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm coagulation, but they are still essentially different from colon cancer, so it shows that simple deficiency of positive qi and internal disorders are not enough to directly cause malignant tumors; the occurrence of malignant tumors must be directly related to the nature of evil qi. The occurrence of malignant tumor must be directly related to the nature of evil qi. The occurrence of malignant tumor must be directly related to the nature of evil qi. For example, “typhoid fever” must be caused by feeling cold qi, “warm disease” must be caused by feeling warm qi, “plague” must be caused by feeling epidemic evil qi, and malignant tumor must have its characteristic evil qi that causes the disease. The malignant tumor must have its characteristic evil toxin to cause the disease before it can occur. This kind of evil poison is different from common typhoid, warm disease, plague and other external evil poison, so it is called “cancer poison”. According to Dr. Sun, “cancer toxin” is caused by various internal and external factors based on the deficiency or imbalance of positive energy, which is the essence of the human body; once “cancer toxin” is nurtured, it always drives the occurrence and development of the disease. Once the “cancer toxin” is embedded, it will always promote the occurrence and development of the disease, and will be present throughout the disease. Therefore, the etiology and pathogenesis of malignant tumor can be summarized as follows: the deficiency or imbalance of the essence of the human body; the origin of the disease – invasion of cancer toxin, which is the origin of the doctrine of “two origins”. This is the source of the “two fundamentals” doctrine. 1. The fundamentals of the human body, which is summarized as “positive energy”. According to Sun Shih, two basic conditions must be met for positive qi to move in the human body and accomplish normal physiological effects: one is that positive qi must be sufficient, and the other is that it must run without hindrance. In the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine, it is said that “when positive qi exists within the body, evil cannot be destroyed”, clearly stating that sufficient positive qi plays a key role in fighting disease and evil. When the righteousness is deficient or out of balance, the body lacks strong resistance to the invasion of evil. This is the basis for the occurrence of malignant tumors. In addition, the “Ling Shu? It is said in “Tiannian” that “when the five organs are stabilized and the blood vessels are in harmony, the spirit will live. It is said in Suwen? Shanggu Tianzhen that “if the spirit is kept within, the disease is safe”, pointing out the mutual influence between the spirit and qi and blood. Therefore, there is no hindrance to the adequacy of positive qi, which includes both the physical and mental parts of the human body. Dr. Sun often reminds his students and patients that malignant tumor is a disease of mind and body, and only when the mind and body are in harmony can the disease be controlled and recovered; when the mind and body are out of balance, it provides conditions for the occurrence, development and metastasis of malignant tumor. Based on this understanding, Dr. Sun uses medicine to protect the righteousness and regulate the body and mind, and her prescriptions are mostly based on supporting the righteousness, which reflects the concept of “people-oriented”; at the same time, she also points out that emphasizing the internal causes and the root of the person does not mean neglecting the root of the disease, but only providing sufficient conditions and foundation for controlling the disease and eliminating the root of the disease. 2. The root of the disease is the root of the disease, which is summarized as “cancerous toxin” invasion. Malignant tumors have the following characteristics: Firstly, tumor tissues are rich in blood vessels and blood supply, which are “congested with qi and blood” compared with normal tissues; secondly, tumor cells are highly metabolized, grow and proliferate rapidly, which is a process of high energy consumption and heat production, therefore, compared with normal tissues, they are also “heat-rich”; thirdly, tumor cells are “heat-rich” compared with normal tissues. Therefore, compared with normal tissues, they are in the “heat-rich” stage; third, tumor cells have low differentiation and fast proliferation. This is the reason why malignant tumor is different from other diseases. Therefore, in general, the nature of “cancer toxin” should be “heat toxin”, which runs through the whole course of the disease, and is another important propelling factor for the occurrence and development of the disease, just like the deficiency of positive energy and internal disorder. Because of the nature of “cancer toxin” and its strong pathogenic power, Dr. Sun often emphasizes the role of early surgery, which seems to contradict the emphasis on “righteousness”, but in essence, it is because the evil toxin is so strong that if it is not removed by surgery early, it is difficult to contain its development by ordinary medical methods. Even if the surgery is traumatic and damages qi and blood, if the surgery is successful in removing the “cancerous toxins”, the patient often has a better prognosis; if the surgery is not clean and the remaining toxins are not clear, and the patient does not promptly take care of them after the surgery to support the righteousness and eliminate the evil, the remaining toxins will easily accumulate again and become a problem. All these phenomena illustrate one point: it is difficult to get rid of the evil toxins simply because of the “positive deficiency and adjustment”; that is, no matter how insufficient qi and blood, spleen and kidney deficiency are after surgical excision, they can still be adjusted to achieve the ideal effect; but if the excision is not successful and the residual toxins lurk, the treatment will be more difficult. This also reflects the objective fact that “cancer toxin” is the root of the disease. The clinical application of the “two basic” doctrine is based on the “positive deficiency and evil solid” disease mechanism throughout the whole process of malignant tumor occurrence and development, and the corresponding treatment strategies are formulated with reference to the “two basic” doctrine He also used the “people-oriented and disease-oriented” approach, which is often used to support the positive and eliminate the evil throughout the whole process. Dr. Sun believes that the “human essence” and the “disease essence” are two sides of the disease, but the “human essence” should always be the center and focus. If the patient is in good health, the human essence is still solid, and the deficiency of positive qi is not too great, then the focus should be on eliminating the evil; if the human essence is deficient and the positive qi is not enough to defend against the evil, then the focus should be on supporting the positive and supplementing with eliminating the evil. Although “cancer toxin” is heat toxin, if the human body is deficient in yang energy, then warming yang and clearing heat are used; warming yang drugs plus clearing heat and detoxifying drugs seem to be contradictory, but in fact, from the doctrine of “two bases”, it is all natural. Even in nature, the coexistence of heat and cold is not an isolated phenomenon, such as the frozen snow at the north and south poles of the earth can coexist with the hot drought at the equator, while the high temperature in the earth’s core can coexist with the cold and snow at the surface. Therefore, Sun’s view is not stubborn, and the two are used together, without contradicting each other, to achieve remarkable results. Try to give an example to illustrate. Conclusion Sun Shi proposed the doctrine of “two bases”, which not only clarified the general rules of the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, but also further elucidated and promoted the theory of helping the righteous and dispelling the evil, which laid a solid foundation for future systematic theoretical research, clinical practice and experimental research, and is worthy of our in-depth study and understanding.