What are the clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? 1., menstrual disorders (scanty, excessive or secondary amenorrhea or dysfunctional bleeding), infertility, obesity (body mass index >25), facial acne, acanthosis nigricans, hirsutism, etc. 2.Sex hormone abnormalities: early follicular blood LH>20IU/L, or LH/FSH>2~3,T elevation. 3, Ultrasound shows: >=12 small follicles <10mm in one or both ovaries. Note: Polycystic ovary syndrome can only be diagnosed if two of the above three criteria are met, and if other causes of hyperandrogenism and anovulation are excluded. What are the effects of PCOS on fertility? 1. Decreased fertility: due to obesity, metabolic disorders, inflammatory factors and abnormal ovarian function, decreased egg quality, decreased endometrial tolerance and abnormal fetal development. 2. Increased incidence of complications during pregnancy: Early pregnancy, when the embryo is exposed to a high androgen environment, may have long-term effects on the fetus (more so on female fetuses). May disrupt embryonic programmed differentiation, particularly affecting genes that regulate reproduction and metabolism. There is an increased incidence of gestational diabetes, hypertension, and higher neonatal complications and stillbirths than in normal women. What are the causes of PCOS? The etiology is complex and not well understood. It may be due to abnormal regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, abnormal adrenal endocrine function, hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance caused by multiple factors such as psychological and environmental factors, abnormal enzyme systems and genetics. The pathophysiological changes may develop from the peri-pubertal period or even from the fetal stage. PCOS patients who wish to become pregnant and infertile treatment 1. Pre-pregnancy pretreatment: can improve fertility, reduce pregnancy complications and improve pregnancy outcomes. (1) Basic treatment: adjusting lifestyle, reducing stress and weight, is the most economical and effective treatment measures. If obese people are serious about effective weight loss, they can mostly improve menstruation, reduce hyperandrogenic symptoms, and facilitate pregnancy. (2) Treatment of hyperandrogenemia: Daying 35 is preferred, which can effectively reduce androgens in the body and thereafter increase the sensitivity to ovulation-promoting drugs. It is usually taken for 3 to 6 cycles. Mafron can also be taken for treatment. (3) Treatment of insulin resistance: Gevalt (metformin) can improve insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia. 2.Ovulation promotion treatment: After adjusting and improving the endocrine status of the body through the above treatment and pretreatment, ovulation promotion drugs can be tried under the guidance of doctors to monitor follicle development and guide sexual life to promote pregnancy. 3.Surgical treatment: laparoscopic ovarian perforation: not as the first choice. 4.Assisted reproductive technology: A small number of PCOS patients who are insensitive or resistant to ovulation-promoting drugs, if the above-mentioned standard treatments are not effective, IVF (in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer) is recommended.