Physique is an important manifestation of human life activities, and refers to the inherent characteristics of the human body in terms of morphological structure, physiological function and psychological state, which are integrated and relatively stable based on innate endowment and acquired during the life process. It is the personality characteristics of the human body formed during the process of growth and development that are compatible with the natural and social environment. It aims to study the characteristics, evolution, influencing factors and classification criteria of different physical constitutions, so that it can be applied to guide the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, rehabilitation and health care. Through studying the relationship between different physique types and diseases, TCM somatology emphasizes the adjustability of physique and provides conditions for improving the pathological state of sick individuals by improving their physique; realizing individualized diagnosis and treatment; in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases, prevention and treatment measures are based on the identification of physique, taking into full consideration the physique characteristics of the person, and taking corresponding treatment measures according to their physique characteristics. It implements the academic thought of “treating the disease before it occurs” in Chinese medicine, and provides theories and methods to prevent diseases from the perspective of the body constitution by improving the body constitution and adjusting the functional state. It fully embodies the idea of “people-oriented” and “appropriate for each individual”. On April 9, 2009, the standard “Classification and Determination of TCM Physique” was officially released, which is the first document guiding and regulating the research and application of TCM physique in China, aiming to provide a basis for physique identification, prevention and treatment of diseases related to TCM physique, health care and health management, and to make the classification of physique scientific and standardized. The standard classifies the physical constitution into nine types, namely pinghe, qi deficiency, yang deficiency, yin deficiency, phlegm-damp, damp-heat, blood stasis, qi yu, and special endowment, and applies the interdisciplinary methods of epidemiology, immunology, molecular biology, genetics, mathematical statistics, etc. It is a standardized tool for physical constitution identification, which has been discussed by Chinese medicine clinical experts, epidemiologists, and physical constitution experts. Plain and Harmonious Physique (Type A) General characteristics: Yin and Yang are in harmony with Qi and blood, with moderate body posture, rosy complexion and full of energy as the main characteristics. Physical characteristics: a well-proportioned and robust body shape. Common manifestations: moist face and complexion, dense and lustrous hair, lustrous gaze, bright nose, good sense of smell, red lips, not easily fatigued, energetic, tolerant of heat and cold, good sleep, good appetite, normal bowel movements, light red tongue, thin white coating, slow and strong pulse. Psychological features: easy-going and cheerful personality. Tendency to develop disease: less frequent illness in general. Adaptability to the external environment: strong adaptability to the natural and social environment. Qi deficiency (Type B) General characteristics: lack of vital energy, mainly characterized by fatigue, shortness of breath, spontaneous sweating and other manifestations of Qi deficiency. Physical characteristics: muscles are flabby and insubstantial. Common manifestations: weak voice, shortness of breath, lazy speech, easy fatigue, lack of energy, easy sweating, light red tongue, teeth marks on the edge of the tongue, weak pulse. Tendency to develop disease: susceptible to colds, visceral prolapse and other diseases; slow recovery after illness. Adaptability to external environment: intolerant to wind, cold, heat and dampness. Yang deficiency (Type C) General characteristics: deficiency of yang energy, mainly characterized by coldness and coldness of the hands and feet. Physical characteristics: muscles are flabby and insubstantial. Common manifestations: fear of cold, lack of warmth in the hands and feet, preference for hot food, lack of vitality, pale, fat and tender tongue, sunken and sluggish pulse. Tendency to develop disease: susceptible to phlegm, swelling, diarrhea and other diseases; susceptible to cold from evil. Adaptability to the external environment: resistant to summer but not to winter; susceptible to wind, cold and dampness. Yin deficiency (Type D) General characteristics: deficiency of Yin, mainly characterized by deficiency heat such as dry mouth, dry throat, heat in the hands and feet. Physical characteristics: thin body shape. Common manifestations: heat in the hands and feet, dry mouth and throat, slightly dry nose, preference for cold drinks, dry stools, red tongue with little fluid, thin pulse. Pathogenic tendency: susceptible to deficiency, loss of essence, sleeplessness, etc.; susceptible to heat from evil. Adaptability to the external environment: resistant to winter but not to summer; intolerant to heat, heat and dryness. Phlegm-damp quality (E type) General characteristics: phlegm-damp cohesion, with the main characteristics of phlegm-damp manifestations such as physical obesity, abdominal fullness, sticky mouth and greasy coating. Physical characteristics: obese body shape, abdominal fat and flabby. Common manifestations: more facial skin oil, sweaty and sticky, chest tightness, phlegm, sticky or sweet mouth, fondness for fatty, sweet and sticky food, greasy moss, slippery pulse. Tendency to develop disease: susceptible to thirst, stroke, chest paralysis, etc. Adaptability to external environment: poor adaptability to rainy season and wet and heavy environment. Damp-heat quality (Type F) General characteristics: Damp-heat is contained within the body, characterized by damp-heat manifestations such as oily face, bitter mouth and yellowish moss. Physical features: medium or thin body shape. Common manifestations: oily face, acne, bitter and dry mouth, heavy and sleepy body, sticky or dry stools, short and yellow urine, damp scrotum in men and increased dribbling in women, red tongue, yellow and greasy moss, slippery pulse. Tendency to develop diseases: susceptible to sores, jaundice, hot gonorrhea, etc. Adaptability to external environment: Difficult to adapt to hot and humid climate, heavy humidity or high temperature in late summer and early autumn. Blood stasis (Type G) General characteristics: Poor blood flow, mainly characterized by dull complexion and purple tongue. Physical characteristics: Both fat and thin. Common manifestations: dull complexion, hyperpigmentation, prone to petechiae, dull mouth and lips, dull tongue or petechial dots, purple and dull or thickened veins under the tongue, astringent pulse. Pathogenic tendency: prone to obstruction and pain, blood, etc. Adaptability to external environment: intolerant to cold. Qi-yu quality (Type H) General characteristics: Qi stagnation, mainly characterized by depression, anxiety and fragility. Physical characteristics: thin body is the most common. Common manifestations: depression, emotional vulnerability, boredom, light red tongue, thin white moss, string pulse. Psychological characteristics: introverted and unstable personality, sensitive and anxious. Pathogenic tendency: susceptible to dirty agitation, plum kernel gas, lily disease and depression. Adaptability to external environment: poor adaptability to mental stimuli; not adaptable to rainy weather. General characteristics of endowment (Type I): congenital abnormalities, with physical defects and allergic reactions as the main characteristics. Physical characteristics: allergic people are generally not special; those with abnormal congenital endowment or have deformities or physiological defects. Common manifestations: asthma, wind mass, itchy throat, nasal congestion, sneezing, etc. are common in allergic individuals; those suffering from hereditary diseases have vertical inheritance, congenital, familial characteristics; those suffering from fetal transmission diseases have maternal influence on individual fetal growth and development and related disease characteristics. Psychological characteristics: vary according to the endowment. The tendency to develop disease: allergic individuals are prone to asthma, urticaria, hay fever and drug allergy; hereditary diseases such as hemophilia and congenital dysmorphia; fetus-borne diseases such as the five delays (delay in standing, walking, hair, teeth and speech), the five softnesses (soft head, soft neck, soft hands and feet, soft muscles and soft mouth), craniosynostosis and fetal shock. Adaptability to the external environment: poor adaptability, such as allergic to the allergy-prone season poor adaptability, easy to cause the persistent disease. It should be reminded that the above nine constitution does not cover all people’s constitution, need to identify the Chinese medicine clinical evidence.