The selection of indications for AF ablation now still follows the 2006 guidelines for the treatment of AF, i.e., ablation for patients with AF who have been treated with at least one antiarrhythmic drug that is ineffective or intolerant. However, atrial fibrillation ablation may be considered the first choice for patients with at least two conditions: A: atrial fibrillation storms considered to be due to focal atrial fibrillation, with limited radiofrequency ablation of the atria; B: patients in whom antiarrhythmic drugs are contraindicated or in whom the application of antiarrhythmic drugs is limited by the combination of heart failure or coronary artery disease. Catheter ablation is particularly suitable for patients with atrial fibrillation combined with heart failure, with the restoration of sinus rhythm, cardiac function is improved and quality of life is enhanced. In atrial fibrillation, especially in chronic atrial fibrillation, there is diffuse fibrosis of the atrial muscle and a decrease in left atrial voltage. These changes are indicative of severe AF and a poor prognosis. Nassir F., MD, from the United States, reported that the application of three-dimensional delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI) can detect abnormal atrial tissue and help increase the success rate of radiofrequency ablation of AF and improve the prognosis of patients with AF. The study included 81 patients with atrial fibrillation who were proposed to undergo electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins from the left atrium and 6 healthy volunteers. The results showed that DE-MRI technique helps to determine the course of atrial fibrillation, select patients suitable for ablation and help to determine the ablation strategy. This meeting also reported about the application of robotic ablation, which is less X-ray exposure to the patient than normal RF ablation and has a significantly shorter learning curve than RF ablation. Dr. E Bertaglia from Italy reported the results of a 6-year follow-up study of radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. 78% success rate at 12 months, 49.313. 41% recurrence at 3 months, 54.6% recurrence rate at 6 years, and in patients with sinus rhythm, antiarrhythmic drugs are still applied in 18.6%. Dr. E Bertaglia explained that the high rate of long-term recurrence may be related to the procedure used The high rate of long-term recurrence may be related to the use of a segmental pulmonary vein isolation. Currently, catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is becoming more widely performed, including improvements in the technique itself and in the ablation procedure, resulting in increased success rates and fewer complications. Head-to-head studies of catheter ablation with antiarrhythmic drugs and controlled studies of catheter and antiarrhythmic drugs together versus antiarrhythmic drugs alone have demonstrated the superiority of catheter ablation in increasing suppression or cure of AF, with similar findings in both paroxysmal and persistent or chronic AF. Of course, there are still many issues that need to be addressed, such as the long-term prognosis of AF ablation and the impact of AF ablation on stroke, heart failure, and mortality, which remain unclear. It is imperative that a large study of the preferred RF catheter ablation of AF and the preferred antiarrhythmic drug be conducted, especially in those high-risk subgroups of the AFFIRM study.