The number of infertility patients is increasing with the change of human living environment, the increase of life stress and the general shift of childbearing age. Worldwide, infertility patients account for about 15-20% of the population of reproductive age, and there are currently about 15 million infertile couples in China. IVF, or in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, is a technique to help women with blocked or incomplete fallopian tubes, ovulation disorders, endometriosis, and men with oligozoospermia and obstructive azoospermia. Since the birth of the world’s first IVF case in 1978, the technology has matured over the past 37 years, and the average success rate of IVF is now about 40%, with about 6 million IVF babies born worldwide. With the growing population of IVF babies, there is growing concern about the impact of this technology on the safety of the offspring. Do IVF babies differ in terms of birth defects and health status? In a 2012 study published in New England, a large sample of 308,974 children born in South Australia (including 6,163 with assisted reproductive technology) were studied for their health status. The study showed that the birth defect rate was about 8.3 percent for the offspring of assisted reproduction and 5.8 percent for the offspring of natural pregnancies, with the former being slightly higher. However, after removing parental influences, the risk of birth defects in the offspring of in vitro fertilization (IVF, commonly known as first-generation IVF) is similar to that of natural pregnancy, and the risk of birth defects in the offspring of oocyte single sperm injection (ICSI, commonly known as second-generation IVF) is slightly higher than that of natural pregnancy. The above studies not only confirm the safety of assisted reproductive technologies, but also suggest that infertility, rather than assisted reproductive technologies, is an increased risk factor for offspring birth defects. In a study with similar results published in Human Reproduction in March 2015, Danish researchers investigated 62,000 singleton babies and nearly 30,000 twin babies born through assisted reproductive techniques between 1988 and 2007, showing that babies conceived with assisted reproductive techniques were more likely to have preterm births, low birth weight, stillbirths, and neonatal defects. The study showed that babies conceived with assisted reproductive technologies did not differ from those conceived spontaneously in terms of preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, and neonatal death. A 2003 study found a 4.6% (3/65) incidence of Beckwith_wiedeman syndrome (a genetic imprinting disorder) in the offspring of assisted reproduction, which was significantly higher than the incidence of the disorder in the total birth population (0.76%) during the same period. The increased incidence of genetically imprinted disease in offspring born with assisted reproduction suggests that there may be epigenetic alterations in the offspring of assisted reproduction. In another study, a comprehensive protein expression profile of the placenta of IVF offspring was examined and several protein sites were found to be differentially expressed in the IVF group compared to the natural pregnancy group, which suggests a non-negligible health risk for IVF offspring from a laboratory perspective. Therefore, the health of IVF offspring will be a long-term and important topic in the field of science and society.