The aortic valve is a heart valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta and consists of three semilunar valves, each leaflet attached in an arc at the point where the ventricle and artery join. At the periphery of each valve leaflet, the aortic wall expands outward to form the aortic sinuses. Two of the three aortic sinuses, each emitting a coronary artery, supply blood to the heart, are medically named the left and right coronary sinuses, and the other is called the noncoronary sinus. Under normal circumstances, when the left ventricle contracts, the aortic valve opens and blood flows into the aorta via the aortic valve, which then supplies various organs throughout the body; during the pumping process, the pressure in the left ventricle decreases, and when the pressure in the left ventricle is lower than the pressure in the aorta, the aortic valve closes to prevent blood from returning from the aorta back to the left ventricle; after that, the left ventricle enters diastole, recovers blood, and then continues to pump blood for blood circulation. Once aortic valve insufficiency occurs, some or even most of the blood pumped by the heart to the aorta will flow back to the left ventricle, which will seriously increase the burden on the left ventricle and, over time, lead to ventricular dilation, myocardial hypertrophy, and even heart failure. Especially in children, who are in the critical period of growth and development, if the problem of insufficiency of aortic valve closure is left unattended, it will have a very big impact on their future growth and life. In fact, among congenital heart diseases, the chance of aortic valve insufficiency occurring alone is very small. In most cases, it occurs together with some other heart malformations, such as ventricular septal defect, aortic sinus aneurysm, etc. The most common one is ventricular defect combined with aortic valve insufficiency, which is the subject of our discussion today. Why is ventricular defect easily combined with aortic valve insufficiency? In Western countries, 4-5% of children with ventricular defects have aortic valve insufficiency, while in Eastern countries, this rate can be as high as 12%. Why? The main reason is that the location where ventricular defects are likely to occur is different in the East than in the West, with a relatively high incidence of “sub-stem ventricular defects” in the East, where aortic insufficiency is more likely to occur. There are two reasons for this: 1. Structural factors: the location of the sub-stem ventricular defect and the aortic valve are very close to each other, which can cause the right coronary sinus and the non-coronary sinus adjacent to the ventricular defect to lose the support of the subvalvular structure, which can easily lead to aortic valve prolapse and even incomplete closure. 2, hemodynamic factors: usually we will notice that there are some warning signs in train stations, subway stations and other places to keep passengers away, mainly because it is easy to roll in people close to the track when the train passes at high speed, and this principle is Bernoulli effect. Ventricular defect caused by aortic valve insufficiency is the same reason, the heart contraction, blood from the septal notch from the left ventricle to the right ventricle at high speed, there will be a pulling force on the aortic valve located near the ventricular defect to the right ventricle, in the long run, the aortic valve is prone to prolapse, incomplete closure, resulting in regurgitation.