The parotid gland is located on both sides of the face and neck just below the earlobe and is the largest salivary gland in the body, secreting and excreting saliva. The parotid gland is irregular in shape and is often artificially divided into two parts: the superficial lobe and the deep lobe. The branches of the facial nerve, which governs the movement of the facial muscles, run between the superficial and deep lobes of the parotid gland. Although the majority of parotid tumors are benign, 20-30% of them may be malignant. Therefore, when there is a lump and pain under the front of the earlobe, it is necessary to go to the hospital in time to prevent delaying the disease. Due to the complex pathology and special anatomy of parotid tumor, if the treatment is not standardized, it is very easy to lead to tumor recurrence or permanent damage to facial nerve, which brings great pain to patients and even affects their survival expectation. Therefore, standardized diagnosis and treatment of parotid tumors is an important guarantee for patients to obtain good survival and survival quality. Most parotid tumors occur in the superficial lobe of the facial nerve, accounting for about 80%. Most patients find painless masses under the front of the earlobe unintentionally, but about 10% of parotid tumors occur in the deep lobe of the parotid gland, which is not easily detected at an early stage. The diagnosis of parotid tumor should first distinguish benign from malignant. Benign parotid tumors are swollen and grow slowly, and the masses are movable and clearly defined from the surrounding tissues. The duration of the disease is variable and can last for several years or even decades. In contrast, malignant tumors appear as fast-growing masses in the parotid gland, which can cause numbness in the jaw and face, poor mobility of the masses, and unclear boundaries with the surrounding tissues; some tumors are very small but show symptoms of nerve damage at an early stage; some benign tumors suddenly grow faster or become painful after a certain period of growth or after inappropriate treatment, which should be considered as possible malignant changes. Those with pain or symptoms of facial nerve paralysis such as ipsilateral crookedness of the mouth or inability to close the eyes completely are one of the signs of parotid malignant tumor. Therefore, if you encounter a slow growing painless lump that suddenly grows faster and becomes painful recently, you should consider the possibility of malignant transformation of benign tumor. The diagnosis of parotid tumor should be based on the medical history and physical signs, and imaging examination should be preferred to ultrasound, CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can accurately show the size of the mass, whether it is inside or outside the gland and the relationship with the surrounding anatomical structures, as well as identify the benignity and malignancy of the mass according to its imaging characteristics and determine the extent of tumor invasion and the presence of lymphatic metastasis in the neck. If necessary, fine needle aspiration cytology and intraoperative frozen section biopsy can be performed. Surgical resection is the main treatment for parotid tumor. Surgery should follow two principles, one is to protect the facial nerve, and the other is to remove the tumor completely and avoid breaking the tumor envelope. The best indications for parotidectomy are tumors located in the lower posterior part of the parotid gland, mainly Warthin’s tumor and some small benign parotid tumors. For benign tumors located in the superficial lobe of the parotid gland, it is usually sufficient to remove the superficial lobe of the parotid gland along with the tumor. For malignant tumors with intact envelope or without obvious facial nerve invasion, the whole parotid lobe with the tumor should be excised, and care should be taken to protect the facial nerve during surgery. If the facial nerve is already paralyzed or the tumor is found to have invaded the facial nerve during surgery, the resection should include the facial nerve. If the facial nerve defect is too long, the large auricular nerve or gastrocnemius nerve can be transplanted. Tumor enucleation with paracentesis is contraindicated. Hybrid tumors have different thicknesses of envelope and are often incomplete, and there are often tumor cells invading inside the envelope. Removal of mixed tumors by paracentesis may lead to tumor recurrence. Adenolymphoma itself is multifocal in nature, and its occurrence is closely related to lymph nodes, so some lymph nodes in the lobe of the gland should be removed at the same time during adenolymphoma surgery. In addition, some malignant tumors of the parotid gland have a benign clinical appearance, and it is not allowed to remove the tumor simply by peeling along the tumor envelope. In cases with cervical lymphatic metastasis or locally advanced tumors or highly malignant ones (squamous carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, mucinous epidermis-like carcinoma, papillary cystic carcinoma, etc.), cervical lymphatic dissection should be performed at the same time. Highly differentiated mucinous epidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma can directly invade the lymph nodes, so the lymph nodes in the parotid gland and around the parotid gland close to the tumor should be removed together with surgery. The decision of postoperative radiation therapy should be based on the postoperative pathological diagnosis of the tumor, the thoroughness of surgical resection and the relationship with the facial nerve.