Fatty liver is a lesion caused by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver cells due to various reasons. The total amount of fat in the liver of a normal person is about 5% of the liver weight and contains phospholipids, triglycerides, fatty acids, cholesterol and cholesterol lipids. The amount of fat over 5% is mild fatty liver, over 10% is moderate fatty liver and over 25% is severe fatty liver. When the total fat amount in the liver exceeds 30%, it can be detected by ultrasound and diagnosed as “fatty liver” by ultrasound. In patients with fatty liver, the total lipid amount can reach 40%-50%, some reaching 60% or more, mainly triglycerides and fatty acids, while phospholipids, cholesterol and cholesterol lipids only increase in small amounts. Generally speaking, fatty liver is a reversible disease, early diagnosis and timely treatment can often be restored to normal.
Aerobic exercise is a kind of exercise that lasts for more than 5 minutes, which stimulates the inertia of various physiological functions to be overcome gradually, improves the function of respiratory and circulatory system, enhances physical fitness and physical ability, achieves a dynamic balance between human body oxygen demand and oxygen intake, no lactic acid accumulation occurs in the body, heart rate, cardiac output and pulmonary ventilation maintain a stable state, thus the duration of exercise is long and safe. It improves the aerobic exercise capacity by increasing the oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold. The same quantitative exercise after systemic exercise was seen to reduce the heart rate and blood pressure in response to exercise and oxygen consumption, indicating that energy metabolism was economized after systemic exercise, which resulted in reduced cardiovascular load during exercise and improved mobility.
Exercise programs for patients with NAFLD should be based on low-intensity, prolonged aerobic exercise. Powerful activities characterized by aerobic metabolism are more effective for fatty liver patients to lower fat and promote fat loss in the liver. Therefore, according to their respective conditions to choose the right exercise program for themselves.
1.Walking weight loss method
(1) ordinary walking method: walking at a slow and medium speed, 30-60 minutes each time, 2-3 times a day. Suitable for leisure in scenic places.
(2) fast walking method: walk 5-7 km per hour, 30-60 minutes per exercise. The heart rate is controlled to less than 120 beats per minute during walking.
(3) Quantitative walking method: including walking on flat and sloping ground. For example, walk 100 meters on a 3-degree slope, gradually increase to 15 minutes on a 5-degree slope, and then 15 minutes on a flat surface.
(4) arm walking method: walking two arms rhythmically swing forward and back, can enhance the shoulder belt thoracic activities, for people with respiratory diseases.
(5) Mo abdominal walking method: while walking, while massaging the abdomen, which is also beneficial to people with indigestion and gastrointestinal diseases.
2, taijiquan weight loss: For patients of high age, it is relatively safe and easy to take this type of method. However, the time should be long and the intensity of tai chi is relatively small, so it needs to last for a long time.
2, swimming.
(1) swimming consumes a lot of energy. This is due to the resistance of the water when swimming is much greater than the resistance of the air when exercising on land, walking in the water are laborious, and then swim in the water, certainly consume more heat. At the same time, the thermal conductivity of water is greater than air 24 times, the water temperature is generally lower than the air temperature, which is also conducive to heat dissipation and heat consumption. Therefore, the energy consumed when swimming is much larger than running and other land-based projects, so the weight loss effect is more obvious.
(2) can avoid lower limb and waist sports injuries. Weight loss exercise on land, because of the obese weight, so that the body (especially the lower limbs and waist) to bear a large gravitational load, so that the movement capacity is reduced, easy fatigue, so that the interest in weight loss exercise is greatly reduced, and can damage the joints and bones of the lower limbs. Swimming project in the water, obese people have a considerable part of the weight by the buoyancy of the water to bear, the lower limbs and waist will therefore be much easier, the risk of injury to joints and bones greatly reduced.
Indications and contraindications of exercise therapy
1.Indications: Nowadays, it is believed that exercise therapy is most suitable for fatty liver patients with insulin resistance and overweight, so all patients with obesity, type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia-induced overnutrition fatty liver and post-hepatitis fatty liver can be treated with appropriate exercise under the guidance of doctors. Among the treatments for these types of fatty liver, exercise is second only to diet control in importance. When diet control alone is used, the basal metabolic rate of the body decreases and energy expenditure decreases, while supplementing with physical exercise increases energy expenditure, and the combination of the two results in further negative energy balance. At the same time, it can also reduce the loss of body protein caused by simple low-calorie diet, forcing more fat decomposition, making beneficial changes in the composition of the body, enhancing physical fitness while losing weight, helping to reduce body weight, controlling blood sugar, lowering blood lipids and blood pressure, and promoting the regression of fat deposits in the liver. Some studies have shown that the lipid changes produced by increasing energy consumption and limiting energy intake are more desirable than simply limiting energy intake, because the effect of exercise on fat metabolism is more targeted, mainly consuming body fat.
2, contraindications: Although exercise can have a good effect on patients with over-nutritional fatty liver, not all patients with fatty liver are suitable to participate in sports.
(1) Overnutrition fatty liver with serious comorbidities: At present, the indications for exercise therapy for overnutrition fatty liver with comorbidities are still at the stage of accumulating experience, but if there are serious comorbidities in fatty liver patients, such as acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, severe arrhythmia, severe hypertension, type I diabetes, renal insufficiency, significant impairment of liver function or When the development of cirrhosis decompensated stage, etc., should limit the activity to avoid deterioration of the disease, even if the exercise is permitted, the amount of exercise must be strictly controlled and closely observed in the process of exercise.
(2) Fatty liver due to malnutrition, protein and other caloric deficiencies, hyperthyroidism and tuberculosis and other systemic wasting diseases (because exercise increases metabolism, too much exercise will aggravate the condition).
(3) Patients with fatty liver caused by drugs, alcohol and toxic substances (too much exercise may become a factor that interferes with metabolism).
(4) Acute fatty liver in pregnancy and syndrome should be limited in activity and increase the time of bed rest.
In addition, exercise therapy is only applicable to primary obesity, while secondary obesity is not suitable for more exercise. Therefore, exercise therapy should be implemented before the start of various examinations, and set the respective standard weight. Obese people with obesity degree of 70% or more can be given drug weight loss treatment first, and then start exercise therapy when their weight is reduced to less than 50% of obesity degree.