Acute pancreatitis is divided into mild and severe. The lighter type is edematous pancreatitis or light pancreatitis, accounting for about 75% to 80% of the cases, which generally have a better prognosis after conservative treatment. The heavy type of hemorrhagic necrosis or pancreatitis, accounting for about 20%, because of its rapid onset, rapid development, dangerous condition, high mortality rate, the diameter of the death rate is still as high as 10%-35%. Acute pancreatitis is generally second only to acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute intestinal obstruction and gastric and duodenal perforation in the incidence of acute abdominal pain in surgery. About 80% of patients have a history of biliary tract disease or excessive alcohol consumption, which is seen to be an important cause of acute pancreatitis, but its etiology is also multifaceted. The causes are about the following: 1, biliary diseases: jugular abdominal stones, gallbladder stones or downward moving biliary stones, biliary roundworms and biliary tumors can cause obstruction of the end of the common bile duct or spasm of the papillary sphincter, making the infected bile flow back into the pancreatic duct, or due to obstruction of the biliopancreatic outlet caused by increased pressure in the pancreatic duct, can cause direct damage to the pancreatic tissue or rupture of the alveoli and the occurrence of pancreatic edema, hemorrhage or necrosis, causing acute pancreatitis. The pancreatic tissue can be directly damaged or the rupture of the alveoli, resulting in edema, hemorrhage or necrosis, causing acute pancreatitis. 2, duodenal fluid reflux into the pancreatic duct: lesions in the vicinity of the duodenal papilla, such as ectopic pancreas, duodenal diverticulum, duodenal inflammatory stenosis, pancreatic head hook tumor, and post-gastrectomy input intestinal collaterals stasis, etc., can cause increased pressure in the duodenum, so that duodenal fluid reflux into the pancreaticobiliary duct, which contains substances such as intestinal kinase activates various protein hydrolases and Phospholipase A, thus causing “self-digestion” of the pancreatic tissue. 3, overeating or excessive alcohol consumption: a large amount of high fat and ethanol can stimulate increased secretion of pancreatic juice, and can increase the content of pancreatic enzymes in the pancreatic juice, which can form small emboli blocking the small pancreatic duct. At the same time, a large amount of alcohol can make the sphincter of Oddi spasm edema, so that the formation of high pressure in the pancreatic duct, resulting in the rupture of the small pancreatic duct, causing self-digestion of the pancreas. 4, hyperlipidemia and hypercalcemia: about 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis have hyperlipidemia, if their blood lipids are higher than 11.3mml / l is very susceptible to acute pancreatitis, the reason is that triacylglycerol in the role of pancreatic enzymes to generate free fatty acids, the latter has a damaging effect on the alveoli, is a common cause of biliary and alcoholic pancreatitis. In contrast, high blood calcium is caused by hyperparathyroidism, which induces the activation of pancreatic protease and leads to the destruction of the pancreas itself. High calcium can also lead to blockage of pancreatic duct stones causing high pressure in the pancreatic duct or stimulating increased secretion of pancreatic juice. 5, trauma upper abdominal blunt force injuries: penetrating injuries, surgical operations, especially trans-Vater potbelly operations, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic trans-Vater potbelly bile duct lithotripsy. 6, pancreatic microcirculatory disorders: hypotension, cardiopulmonary bypass, arterial embolism, vasculitis and increased blood viscosity can cause acute pancreatitis due to pancreatic microcirculatory disorders. 7, other factors: such as diet, infection, drugs, hypercalcemia, pregnancy and so on.