The elbow joint consists of three separate joints from each other: the humeral ulnar joint, the humeral radial joint, and the superior ulnar radial joint. The head of the radius and the small sigmoid notch proximal to the ulna make up the joint, part of which is involved in the joint and part of which is not, with the area not involved in the joint occupying approximately 110° of arc. Fractures of the radial head are also intra-articular fractures and are often easily missed due to the lack of obvious clinical manifestations. The deep branch of the radial nerve runs obliquely downward on the deep surface of the brachioradialis muscle, passing laterally from the radial neck between the deep and superficial biceps of the posterior rotator muscle fibers and into the posterior aspect of the forearm, renamed the posterior interosseous nerve. This nerve is easily damaged during surgery and can lead to a drooping wrist, so special care should be taken to avoid injury. Treatment of radial head fracture: I. Conservative treatment: (a) Indications 1. Fractures without displacement or simple displacement but no obstruction to the movement of the upper ulnar radial joint; 2. Radial heads with fracture extent <25% and collapse <2mm can be treated conservatively; 3. Fractures with large displacement but no effect on rotational function. (b) Method The affected limb is fixed in a neck and wrist sling or cast, and active flexion and extension, anterior or posterior rotation exercises are started under the guidance of the physician. After the pain is relieved, the immobilization is removed and activity is started. The general braking time is 7-14 days. (2) Surgical methods include incision and internal fixation, radial head resection, radial head replacement, etc. (1) Indications for incisional reduction internal fixation: patients with displaced comminuted fractures with obstruction to rotation, especially those with articular surface fractures involving >30% of the radial head and displacement >2mm, and especially those with Mason II radial head fractures under 55 years of age. In addition, incisional internal fixation is also to be applied in the management of some more complex unstable fracture dislocations, when restoration of the articular surface flatness is very important to reconstruct elbow joint stability. (2) Indications for radial head resection: It is mainly used for treating patients with simple comminuted fractures of the radial head in old age. Radial head resection is only indicated for cases with stable elbow joints and may be considered for patients with low functional requirements accompanied by infection or failure of other treatment options. (3) Indications for radial head replacement: Patients with displaced comminuted radial head fractures in whom stability cannot be obtained with internal fixation surgery. Elbow instability due to radial head resection, malunion or nonunion is also an indication for radial head replacement.