Minimally invasive spine surgery, in a broad sense, refers to all procedures that are less invasive than traditional open surgery. In a narrower sense, it refers to spine surgeries that are less invasive than traditional open surgery with the aid of highly sophisticated equipment. These procedures include both non-open procedures with percutaneous puncture and open procedures with small incisions. Small incisions, of course, refer to the incision and exposure compared to traditional open surgery. Mainly include: 1, percutaneous puncture without open surgery minimally invasive surgery: 1, intervertebral disc radiofrequency ablation, percutaneous laser disc decompression (Percutaneous Laser Disk Decompressuer, PLDD), ozone, radiofrequency thermal coagulation, etc., are for lumbar discogenic pain, the efficacy is similar, the efficiency of 70%-80%. 2, percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous vertebroplasty, mainly for thoracolumbar compression fracture caused by osteoporosis, the patient suddenly appears severe low back pain, turning and getting up difficulties. The efficacy is good, and the patient’s pain is relieved quickly after the operation, and he is discharged from the hospital for normal life on the same day or the next day. Second, minimally invasive surgery with open surgery: 1, intervertebral foraminoscopy 2, intervertebral disc microscopic discectomy (microendoscopic discectomy, MED). Both of these procedures are minimally invasive endoscopically assisted surgeries that do not require lumbar fusion and internal fixation, and have low cost and fast recovery. 3.Transvertebral foramen approach discectomy intervertebral implant fusion, percutaneous pedicle nailing internal fixation (Mini-TLIF surgery): it means that the discectomy, intervertebral implant and pedicle screw internal fixation on the affected side are completed under the expansion of minimally invasive access, and the contralateral side can choose percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation, transvertebral plate articular eminence screw internal fixation, or the contralateral side can not be fixed. 4.Translateral approach discectomy, intervertebral implant fusion internal fixation (XLIF or DLIF surgery). The above two procedures require special minimally invasive access systems and special pedicle screw or vertebral body nailing systems. New procedures of this type are increasing, but the efficacy is yet to be confirmed.