Congenital heart disease is one of the common congenital anomalies in children, which is caused by abnormal development of heart and blood vessels during fetal period, with an incidence of 7‰-8‰. With the rapid development of medical technology, most of the children can grow up healthier after medical and surgical treatment, so they should be diagnosed as early as possible, the type should be clearly defined, reasonable treatment should be given, and the timing of surgery should not be lost to strive for the best results. The causes of congenital heart disease are many, and at present the factors related to the causes of congenital heart disease are mainly the following five categories: congenital heart disease cause one: factors of fetal development environment Viral infection in utero is the most important cause of congenital heart disease, among which rubella virus infection is the most prominent, followed by coxsackie virus infection. If a mother suffers from rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy, she will have a higher incidence of congenital heart disease in her baby; among them, arteriovenous ductus arteriosus and pulmonary valve stenosis are more common. This is due to the fact that the development of the large blood vessels of the fetal heart takes place in the second to eighth week of pregnancy, when viral infections in utero are sufficient to affect the development of the fetal heart. Other causes such as lesions of the amniotic membrane, fetal compression, pre-eclampsia in early pregnancy, maternal malnutrition, diabetes, phenylketonuria, hypercalcemia, and the use of radiation and cytotoxic drugs in early pregnancy are all causes of congenital heart disease in the fetus. Certain drugs taken by the mother during pregnancy can also lead to fetal heart malformations. Congenital heart disease cause 2: Premature birth Premature birth is an important cause of congenital heart disease. There are more preterm infants with ventricular defects and ductus arteriosus, the former being related to the fact that the ventricular septum does not have enough time to complete its development before birth, and the latter being related to the fact that the vasoconstrictor response in preterm infants is not strong enough after birth. Newborns weighing less than 2500g at birth are particularly susceptible to congenital heart disease. Congenital heart disease causes three: plateau environment Low oxygen partial pressure in the plateau is one of the causes of congenital heart disease; congenital heart disease in the plateau area – more arteriovenous ductus arteriosus and congenital heart disease atrial defect. The prevalence of this disease is much higher on the Qinghai plateau in China than on the plains. Congenital heart disease causes four: genetic factors Genetic factors are also one of the causes of congenital heart disease. In a family, brothers and sisters or parents and children suffer from congenital heart disease at the same time, as well as many cases of chromosomal abnormalities of genetic diseases with cardiovascular malformations, indicating the existence of genetic factors for this disease. Genetic studies have concluded that most congenital heart diseases are formed by the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. Congenital heart disease cause 5: other factors Advanced age is also one of the causes of congenital heart. Mothers of advanced age (35 years or older) are at greater risk of having babies with tetralogy of Fallot and Down syndrome. Some congenital heart diseases have significant gender differences in incidence between men and women. In conclusion, congenital heart disease arises from a polygenic combination of genetic and environmental interactions. The first child with congenital heart disease has a higher than normal chance of developing congenital heart disease in other children, as well as in his children in the future, but it is not a certainty. Before pregnancy both parents should stop drinking and smoking, prevent colds, avoid radiation, take drugs, especially proprietary Chinese medicines of unknown composition, and contraceptives. Go to a specialist hospital before pregnancy for examination to exclude infections of external reproductive organs (trichomonas, toxoplasma, common viruses). Keep away from domestic animals, especially dogs and cats. Both partners before pregnancy, at least the mother takes folic acid. Folic acid for the mother in the second trimester of pregnancy. It can minimize the occurrence of preeclampsia. If you have a child with precocious heart disease, do not be too afraid when you have another child, the reappearance of a child with precocious heart disease is a small probability event.