The incidence of congenital heart disease in China is about 6.7%, and there are about 100,000-150,000 cases of congenital heart disease in newborn babies every year. Congenital heart disease has a poor natural prognosis, the more complex the malformation, the more severe the disease, the higher the death rate and the earlier the death. However, many parents of children with precocious heart disease believe that their children are too young to withstand the trauma of surgery and hope to wait until their children are older before performing surgery. As a result, many children lose the opportunity to undergo surgery, resulting in lifelong regrets. The timing of surgery for precocious heart disease should not be determined by the age of the child, but by the specific condition of the patient. For example, for small atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect, if there are no obvious symptoms, there is no need to rush to surgery, but if it is still not closed by the age of 2, surgery is needed. More other precocious heart diseases require early surgery or treatment will be delayed. Pre-existing heart diseases that require early surgery include the following: transposition of the great arteries transposition of the great arteries is the loss of normal connection between the two great vessels (aorta and pulmonary artery) that connect the heart. Most children die early after birth, and those who survive must have abnormal traffic branches in the heart, but these traffic branches have to close on their own after birth. In the case of transposition of the great arteries without ventricular septal defect or ductus arteriosus, surgery should be performed within 6-8 weeks after birth; if ventricular septal defect or ductus arteriosus is combined, surgery should be performed within 3-4 weeks after birth to prevent pulmonary hypertension. Complete pulmonary venous ectopic drainage is often associated with obstructed pulmonary blood return in these children, leading to pulmonary hypertension and prone to heart failure and refractory pulmonary infections. Without surgery, 50% of children die within 3 months and 75% die within 1 year of age. Therefore, these patients need immediate surgery once the diagnosis is clear. In the absence of early surgery, about 2/3 of children with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary valve atresia die within 1 year of age. These patients with mild disease can be treated early with a one-time radical treatment; those with severe disease can undergo palliative surgery to improve symptoms and then undergo radical surgery when they grow up. Aortic constriction and aortic arch disruption are two types of precordial diseases that often combine ventricular septal defect and arteriovenous catheterization. If not treated with early surgery, hypertension will persist for a long time even after surgery. In contrast, with early surgical treatment, blood pressure can return to normal after surgery.