Interstitial lung disease is a general term for a group of different classes of diseases with diffuse parenchymal alveolitis and interstitial fibrosis as the basic pathological changes and active dyspnea, diffuse radiographic chest shadows, restrictive ventilation disorders, reduced diffusion function and hypoxemia as clinical manifestations of different clinical-pathological entities. In recent years, the incidence of this disease has been on the rise, and modern medical treatment is focused on relieving it at the stage of alveolitis. The main therapeutic drug is glucocorticosteroid, but its application is long, the dosage should be sufficient, and the side effects of prolonged use are high, and there is often a relapse after discontinuation of the drug, thus making the treatment and rehabilitation of the disease very difficult. This disease is classified as “asthma” in Chinese medicine. In the acute stage, the main problem is the presence of evil, and the clinical symptoms are phlegm-dampness in the lung, phlegm-heat in the lung and liver-fire in the lung; in the chronic stage, the clinical symptoms are the combination of deficiency and evil, and the clinical symptoms are the deficiency of the lung, spleen and kidney, and the presence of phlegm and stagnation in the lung. Chinese medicine has a significant effect on controlling parenchymal alveolitis and improving and delaying interstitial fibrosis, which often leads to effective recovery of pulmonary ventilation and diffusion function.