In China, the most common complication of hypertension is cerebrovascular accident, followed by hypertensive heart disease heart failure, and then renal failure, as described in the section on clinical manifestations. The aneurysm may rupture into the pericardium or pleural cavity and lead to rapid death. The aorta may widen significantly on chest X-ray, and echocardiography computerized X-ray or magnetic resonance tomography may directly show the entrapment or extent of the aorta, and may even reveal the aortic artery. Aortography can also establish the diagnosis. Hypertension combined with lower limb atherosclerosis can cause lower limb pain and claudication.
Disease hazards
1, heart problems: coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart rhythm disorders;
2.Brain: insufficient blood supply to the brain, cerebral infarction, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, etc;
3, kidney: proteinuria, nephritis, chronic renal failure;
4.Eyes: vision loss, fundus bleeding, cataract, blindness;
5.Multi-organ failure, death.
Induced diseases
1.Coronary heart disease
Long-term hypertension can promote the formation and development of atherosclerosis. Coronary atherosclerosis can block or narrow the lumen of blood vessels, or cause coronary heart disease due to functional changes in the coronary arteries, resulting in myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, necrosis. Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is the most common type of organ lesion caused by atherosclerosis, and is also a common disease that seriously endangers human health.
2.Cerebrovascular disease
Contains cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral infarction, and transient ischemic attack. Cerebrovascular accident, also known as stroke, is a fierce disease and has a very high mortality rate, even if it does not kill, most of them will be disabled, and is one of the most fierce acute cerebrovascular diseases. The higher the blood pressure of hypertensive patients, the higher the incidence of strokes. If the cerebral arteries of hypertensive patients harden to a certain degree, coupled with a moment of excitement or excessive excitement, such as anger, sudden accidents, strenuous exercise, etc., will cause a sudden rise in blood pressure, cerebral blood vessels rupture and bleeding, blood will spill into the brain tissue around the blood vessels, at this time, the patient will immediately coma and collapse to the ground, so commonly known as stroke.
3.Hypertensive heart disease
The heart changes in hypertensive patients are mainly left ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Hypertension causes hypertrophy and enlargement of the heart, which is called hypertensive heart disease. Hypertensive heart disease is an inevitable trend of long-term uncontrolled hypertension, and eventually or may affect life safety due to cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmia and heart failure.
4, hypertensive encephalopathy
It mainly occurs in patients with severe hypertension. As the excessive blood pressure exceeds the auto-regulation range of cerebral blood flow, cerebral tissue causes cerebral edema due to excessive blood perfusion. It is clinically characterized by signs and symptoms of encephalopathy, manifested as diffuse severe headache, vomiting, impaired consciousness, mental confusion, and even coma and convulsions in severe cases.
5.Chronic renal failure
Hypertension damage to the kidneys is a serious complication, of which hypertension combined with renal failure accounts for about 10%. Hypertension and kidney damage can affect each other, forming a vicious circle. On the one hand, hypertension causes kidney damage. On the other hand, kidney damage can aggravate hypertension. Generally, in the middle and late stages of hypertension, the small renal arteries become sclerotic, renal blood flow decreases, and the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine decreases, at which time polyuria and nocturia increase. Acute development of hypertension can cause extensive small renal artery diffusion chronic lesions, resulting in malignant small renal artery sclerosis, thus rapidly developing into uremia.
6, hypertensive crisis
Hypertensive crisis can occur in both the early and late stages of hypertension. Stress, fatigue, cold, sudden discontinuation of antihypertensive drugs and other triggers can lead to strong spasm of small arteries, resulting in a sharp rise in blood pressure. When hypertensive crisis occurs, serious symptoms such as headache, irritability, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, shortness of breath and blurred vision may occur.