Common complications after pediatric spina bifida surgery include three main areas: hematoma and infection of the surgical incision, infection of the central nervous system, and limb dysfunction due to nerve damage. Because spina bifida is often associated with spinal cord lipomas or lesions such as spinal cord emboli or intradural cysts, improperly operating to separate them from the spinal membrane and spinal cord can easily damage the nerve tissue, resulting in spinal cord dysfunction or worsening of existing symptoms.