Fatty liver is a lesion caused by excessive accumulation of fat in liver cells due to various reasons. The incidence of fatty liver has been rapidly increasing in recent years in Europe, America and China, becoming the second most common liver disease after viral hepatitis. In certain occupational groups (white-collar workers, cab drivers, professional managers, individual owners, government officials, senior intellectuals, etc.) the average incidence of fatty liver reaches 25%. Moreover, as the standard of living continues to improve, the incidence of fatty liver is rapidly developing towards younger and even children.
The clinical manifestations of fatty liver are diverse. Mild fatty liver has no clinical symptoms, and some of them only have fatigue, so at present, fatty liver patients are mostly found by chance during physical examination. Moderate to severe fatty liver has manifestations similar to chronic hepatitis, including loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and vague pain in the liver or right upper abdomen. It can also cause sudden death due to fat embolism of brain and lung vessels. A small number of patients develop cirrhosis with loss of liver function and has been recognized as a common cause of occult cirrhosis. The clinical manifestations of acute or subacute hepatic necrosis due to acute chemical poisoning, drug poisoning or acute fatty liver during pregnancy are mostly manifested and can lead to death. Moderate to severe fatty liver often has changes of peripheral neuritis such as tongue inflammation, stomatitis, skin bruising, numbness in the extremities and abnormal sensation in the extremities. It is seriously threatening human health, reducing people’s quality of life and endangering their lives.
Common types.
1.Obesity fatty liver
2.Alcoholic fatty liver Drinking more than 80-160 grams of alcohol per day will increase the incidence of alcoholic fatty liver by 5-25 times.
3.Malnutrition fatty liver
4.Diabetic fatty liver Half of the diabetic patients may have fatty liver. They have fatty liver both related to the degree of obesity and eating too much fat or sugar.
5, drug fatty liver certain drugs or chemical toxins can cause fatty liver. Some western drugs such as growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, lipid-lowering drugs can also form fatty liver by interfering with the metabolism of lipoproteins.
6.Fatty liver caused by other diseases Fatty liver can also occur during infections such as tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia and sepsis.
Susceptible groups
1.Middle-aged and elderly people Ageing metabolic function gradually declines, and the amount of exercise decreases.
2.Obesity susceptible to fatty liver About 30%-50 of obesity combined with fatty liver, heavy obesity fatty liver lesion rate up to 61%-94%.
3, gluttonous people are prone to fatty liver.
4, greedy drinkers are prone to fatty liver. Drinking more than 80-160 grams of alcohol per day, the incidence of alcoholic fatty liver will increase 5-25 times.
5. Those who move less are prone to fatty liver.
6.People with high blood lipids are prone to fatty liver.
7.Patients with diabetes are prone to fatty liver.
8.People with family history of fatty liver are prone to fatty liver.
9, long-term dieting to lose weight or long-term hunger resulting in malnutrition. From the study, the general weight loss through pure dieting or drug dieting a month weight loss 1/10 or more people have a very high possibility of fatty liver, and once stopped weight rebound will be very fast. Many young people are suffering from fatty liver because of blind weight loss.
Self-care
First, identify the cause of the disease and take targeted measures. For example, those who drink a lot of alcohol for a long time should stop drinking; those who are over-nourished and obese should strictly control their diet to restore their physical fitness to normal; diabetic patients with fatty liver should actively and effectively control their blood sugar; patients with malnutrition fatty liver should increase their nutrition, especially the intake of protein and vitamins. In short, removing the cause of the disease is beneficial to control and cure fatty liver. The most crucial of self-adjustment care is diet and exercise.
Dietary principles
Adjust the diet structure, advocate high protein, high vitamin, low sugar, low fat diet. Drink less and eat less chili; use less animal fat, such as less animal oil, animal offal fatty meat; eat less fried food; do not eat or eat less sweets (including sugary drinks), control the intake of sugar and chocolate; control the intake of carbohydrates, i.e. starchy staple food, the main food should be rich in variety and rich in fiber.
Breakfast should account for 25%-30%, lunch 40% and dinner 30%-35% of the diet allocation. People often say “eat well in the morning, eat full at lunch, eat less at night”, this health experience is justified. Breakfast should not only pay attention to the quantity, but also to the quality. So that the body’s blood sugar quickly rise to normal or more than normal standards, so that people’s spirits, can be energetic work and study. Lunch should be eaten more appropriately and with high quality. So that the blood sugar in the body continues to be maintained at a high level to ensure the work and study in the afternoon. Dinner should be eaten less, in order to light, easy to digest as the principle, before going to bed to add less meals, at least two hours before going to bed to eat. It feels good to eat each meal until you are not hungry, do not eat to hold up. Strictly to calculate the daily caloric intake of 30kcal per kilogram of body weight when light physical labor, overweight people should be controlled at 20-25kcal per kilogram of body weight to reduce weight.
Quality protein: protein accounts for 15-20% of total caloric energy, preferably more than 1/3 is quality protein, like freshwater fish with phosphorus, lean meat (beef, chicken meat is better), milk, egg whites, etc. Be careful not to consume too much soy products for the elderly, vegetable protein has more metabolic waste and increases the burden on easy kidneys.
High vitamin: mainly from fresh green vegetables and fruits, the daily intake of a variety to be mixed, the recommended amount of daily intake of vegetables 500g.
Carbohydrates: (starchy foods) account for 50-60% of the amount, should not be too fine, should be coarse and fine grains with.
Ensure sufficient amount of dietary fiber intake, rich in dietary fiber foods are coarse wheat flour, brown rice, hard fruits, beans, mushrooms, kelp, fungus and duck pear.
Diet should be diversified, each food has its cold, hot, warm and cool bias, omnivorous food can restrain the bias of a single food, but at the same time to achieve nutritional complementarity.
Exercise principles.
Properly increase exercise to promote body fat consumption. To exercise the whole body strength and endurance as the goal of the whole body low intensity dynamic aerobic exercise. The best way to exercise such as mountain climbing,, jogging, medium and fast walking, cycling, up and down stairs, climbing, playing badminton, table tennis, playing shuttlecock, patting the ball, dancing, radio gymnastics, rope skipping and swimming. Exercise should reach a certain intensity, such as running every day, at least 6 km per hour to achieve weight loss. To start with a small amount of exercise gradually and gradually reach the appropriate amount of exercise, and to do constant, orderly and moderate, in order to strengthen the consumption of body fat. Exercise amount is a subjective feeling: such as exercise after the energy, happy mood, sleep and appetite, no palpitations, shortness of breath, although there is a sense of fatigue, after rest to return to normal, indicating that the amount of exercise is more appropriate; if there is very fatigue, can not eat, sleep, still feel weak after rest, and even tired of exercise, indicating that the amount of exercise is too much, should be promptly adjusted to the appropriate amount of exercise. Second, the objective check: in general, the elderly after exercise pulse number increased by 60%-65% compared to the pre-exercise, maintain at 110-120 times / min, pulse beating evenly or after exercise pulse and age and the sum of 170 more suitable; 3-10 minutes after exercise pulse should return to normal; exercise in the general number of breath per minute should not exceed 24 times. Otherwise, it means that the amount of exercise is too large.
In addition, exercise should be different from person to person, for example, some patients with malnutrition combined with gastric prolapse may not be suitable for walking after meals; for patients with degenerative joint disease of the lower extremities should not choose similar jogging, ladder climbing, climbing and other exercises with greater joint mobility; some patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, it is best to be accompanied when exercising to avoid accidents, and pay attention to carry the necessary First aid drugs.
In addition, the mood should be cheerful, not angry and less irritated, pay attention to the combination of work and rest is also very important.
Finally, medication should be administered under the guidance of a doctor. There are many health products for fatty liver on the market, but they are not suitable for all types of fatty liver, such as malnutrition fatty liver is mostly due to weakness of spleen and stomach, deficiency of qi and blood, liver and kidney deficiency, should strengthen the spleen and stomach, nourish qi and blood, liver and kidney; alcoholic fatty liver needs to detoxify alcohol. Like the most common cassia seed tea on the market, the main component is the Chinese herbal medicine cassia, grass cassia taste sweet, bitter and salty, slightly cold, the function of liver fire, liver and kidney, laxative. But the spleen and stomach deficiency cold, qi and blood deficiency of patients with some will hurt the spleen and stomach cause diarrhea, long-term use of the spleen and stomach over deficiency, qi and blood over deficiency. Therefore, drugs should be used under the guidance of a doctor, and treatment should be tailored to the individual.
Fatty liver early detection and active treatment, generally can be cured, and does not leave sequelae, do not have to be afraid. It is worth noting that every year, after the primary school, secondary school and college entrance examinations, our department will come to a group of fatty mounds with elevated transaminases, most of which are already fatty liver or steatohepatitis after examination. This is because now the only child, what you want to eat to give what, and less activity, it is easy to become a “little fat pier”, which lurks the crisis of fatty liver, which warns us fatty liver prevention work should start from early childhood.