Urinary urgency and pain in the urethra are very common symptoms in clinical practice, and the possibility of acute cystourethritis should be considered. This condition is common in women, and the causative factor is mostly acute cystourethritis caused by bacterial infection, the common bacteria being Escherichia coli. The route of infection is retrograde infection of the bladder mucosa via the urethra, which causes local inflammation, resulting in over-sensitivity of the bladder forcing muscles and causing symptoms such as urinary urgency and painful urination. The high incidence of female patients is mainly due to the fact that the female urethra is shorter, with a length of only 5cm, which is much shorter compared to the male urethra. In addition, frequent sex can easily damage the mucous membrane of the urethra and reduce resistance, and during sex it is easy for bacteria to infect the urethra, thus causing inflammation of the bladder and urethra, resulting in symptoms such as urinary urgency and pain.