Every five years, the American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes a report on the relationship between diet, nutrition, and physical activity and cancer prevention, which serves as a guide for scientific literacy among the general public, communication among health organizations and community groups, and the development of policy guidelines. This is the 2010 ACS Cancer Prevention Guidelines. 1. Breast Cancer: The most common tumor in women in the United States and the second leading cause of death among women, after lung cancer. Postmenopausal women who are overweight have a significantly increased risk of developing breast cancer. This is associated with high estrogen levels in the blood due to excess fat. Excessive alcohol consumption and inadequate folic acid intake also increase the risk of breast cancer. Physical activity can reduce this risk. 2, colorectal cancer: in the United States because of cancer deaths in the total number of people in the second place. Obesity has a direct relationship with it, and it is especially significant in men. Large intake of vegetables and fruits and grains with crude fiber, reducing the intake of red meat and processed meat food, proper intake of vitamin D and calcium, and strengthening daily physical activity can reduce the risk of its occurrence. In addition, regular screening, timely detection and removal of intestinal adenomas (precancerous lesions) are also crucial. 3, lung cancer: the first major factor in the United States due to cancer deaths. More than 85% of the patients’ morbidity is related to tobacco. Smoking cessation and high intake of vegetables and fruits can help reduce its occurrence. But be careful: excessive consumption of carotene and vitamin A-containing health food, on the contrary, will make smokers of lung cancer risk factor increases. 4, endometrial cancer: the United States women’s cancer incidence rate in the fourth place. Endometrial cancer is related to estrogen level. Through a lot of exercise, increase the intake of vegetables, fruits, crude fiber food and beans, and maintain a healthy weight can reduce the possibility of its occurrence. 5. Kidney cancer: It accounts for 3% of male cancer incidence and death, and 2% of female cancer. Directly related factors are obesity and smoking. Therefore, it is especially important to quit smoking and maintain healthy weight. 6. Pancreatic cancer: the 4th leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Smoking, type 2 diabetes, excessive consumption of red meat and insufficient physical activity are extremely relevant. Cancer of the upper respiratory tract and digestive tract: Alcoholism and smoking significantly increase the likelihood of cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus. Diet overheating leads to esophageal burns, which can trigger chronic inflammation of the esophagus and eventually deteriorate into esophageal cancer. Changing bad dietary habits, quitting smoking and drinking, reducing weight and eating more fresh vegetables and fruits are conducive to reducing the risk of its occurrence. 8, prostate cancer: the most common cancer in American men. More tomatoes, cauliflower, beans and fish help reduce the risk of its occurrence. The protective effects of vitamin E and selenium and the corresponding complementary health foods are not yet conclusive. Excessive calcium intake, on the other hand, has been associated with highly malignant prostate cancer, so excessive calcium intake or supplementation with excessive calcium tablets is not recommended. In addition, statistics found that overweight and obese prostate cancer patients have poor treatment effect. 9. Stomach cancer: It is the 4th most common cancer and the second most common cancer in the world. The occurrence of stomach cancer is mainly due to excessive intake of pickled food and stomach Helicobacter pylori infection, which leads to chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer. Bladder Cancer: It is related to smoking and certain chemical substances. Data show that consuming a lot of vegetables and fruits and drinking a lot of water can help reduce the risk of its occurrence. Meanwhile, ovarian cancer and other malignant tumors such as brain tumor, lymphoma and leukemia have not yet been found to have significant correlation with nutrition, diet and weight. Relationship between food, supplementary nutrients and cancer 1. Does alcohol increase the risk of cancer? The answer is yes. Alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of oral cancer, pharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer, especially with tobacco at the same time. If women do not consume enough folic acid, the risk of breast cancer is higher. 2.What are the specific effects of various vitamin supplements on anti-cancer? At present, there is no conclusive evidence to show that they have a significant effect on cancer prevention. It is recommended that these essential substances should still be consumed from natural foods, such as vegetables and fruits, rather than from so-called nutritional products. 3. Do sweeteners cause cancer? There is no evidence to suggest that they are related to the development of cancer. 4. Is genetically modified bioengineered food safe? There is no evidence to suggest that it is related to the occurrence of cancer or reduce the occurrence of cancer. 5. What is the relationship between calcium and cancer? Foods high in calcium can help reduce the incidence of colon and rectal cancer, but there is also evidence that it is associated with the development of highly aggressive prostate cancer. Therefore, a supplemental calcium dose of 1 gram per day is recommended for people aged 19 to 50 years, and 1 or 2 grams per day for those over 50 years of age. Calcium intake from green leafy vegetables and low-fat dairy products is recommended. 6.Does coffee cause cancer? At present, there is no evidence that coffee is carcinogenic, and the conclusion that coffee can increase breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, which was once thought by the public, cannot be proved. 7. What is the relationship between fat and cancer? Excessive intake of fat can lead to obesity and increase the risk of cancer, some saturated fats may have a negative effect, but there is no conclusive evidence to show that olive oil, rapeseed oil has any special anti-cancer benefits. 8.What is the role of edible fiber nutrients? Both soluble and insoluble fiber have the effect of lowering blood lipids, but the effect of cancer prevention is weak. 9. Do fish products prevent cancer? Fish products are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to prevent cancer and inhibit cancer growth in animal experiments, but it has not been determined whether they have a similar effect in humans. Fish can help prevent cardiovascular disease, but because some fish have been deep underwater and contain relatively high levels of heavy metals and other environmental pollutants, pregnant women, lactating women, and infants and young children should reduce consumption of these fish. 10. Can fluoride cause cancer? The answer is no. A large number of rigorous experiments have been conducted on fluoride toothpaste, caries treatment drugs and fluoridated water, etc., and the results do not show any carcinogenic risk. 11.Can folic acid prevent cancer? Folic acid is a vitamin B substance found in many vegetables, beans, fruits and grains. Its deficiency can lead to an increased likelihood of colorectal and breast cancer, especially in alcoholics. Folic acid supplementation is recommended from natural foods. 12, food preservation preservative additives cause cancer? Currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in the food industry such substances have no carcinogenic effect. 13, garlic cancer? No conclusive evidence. 14, radiation-irradiated food cancer? No, the purpose of radiation exposure is to kill harmful microorganisms in food. 15. Can processed and preserved foods cause cancer? Excessive consumption of processed and preserved foods leads to an increased incidence of stomach cancer and colorectal cancer. These foods contain a variety of cancer-causing chemicals, especially high-temperature frying, pan-frying and grilling meat foods, should be eaten as little as possible. 16.Can olive oil prevent cancer? Olive oil is a healthy alternative to cream, which can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease. There is no significant correlation with cancer. 17.What is the relationship between organic food and cancer? Organic food refers to plant foods that are free of pesticides and artificial genetic modification, and there is no significant correlation with cancer. 18.Do pesticides and herbicides cause cancer? Although these substances have a certain degree of toxicity, the results of a large number of studies have not been able to prove that they have an increased risk of cancer. 19. Does saccharin cause cancer? The answer is no. Animal studies do show that high doses of saccharin can cause bladder stone formation in rats, which can lead to bladder cancer, but does not cause similar lesions in humans. The U.S. National Institute of Toxicology has removed it from the list of human carcinogenic chemicals. 20. Does high dietary salt content cause cancer? In some countries and regions that are used to consuming a lot of salt-preserved food, the incidence of stomach cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer and laryngeal cancer is higher, but there is no risk of cancer caused by moderate use of salt in daily diet. 21. Can selenium reduce the occurrence of cancer? Selenium is a mineral with antioxidant effect. Animal experiments show that it can reduce the incidence of lung, colon and prostate cancer. However, there are no rigorous research results. It is not recommended to consume large quantities of its additives, if consumed daily, do not exceed 200 micrograms. 22. Can soy products reduce the incidence of cancer? Soybean products are an excellent source of protein and a substitute for meat, but there is no definite cause and effect relationship with the reduction of cancer risk. Since beans contain estrogen-like substances, breast cancer patients should avoid excessive consumption, or consume artificially made pills, powders and other foods as a substitute. 23. What are the harmful effects of excessive sugar consumption on the body? Excessive consumption of sugar can lead to obesity, diabetes, etc., and indirectly cause an increase in the incidence of cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to minimize the consumption of sugar and candies, pastries and beverages with very high sugar content. 24. Do multivitamin and mineral supplement pills have the effect of reducing the incidence of cancer? These substances do not have anti-cancer effects and natural foods are the best source of these substances. Even if you take these pills, you should follow your doctor’s instructions and not exceed the daily prescribed dose. 25. Can tea prevent cancer? Animal experiments show that tea (such as green tea) can reduce the occurrence of certain cancers, but there is no research data to confirm. 26, fresh, frozen and canned vegetables and fruits nutritional differences? Fresh vegetables and fruits are the most nutritious, and consuming them in large quantities has the effect of reducing the occurrence of oral, esophageal, gastric, lung and colorectal cancers. Microwaving and steaming are the best ways to preserve the nutrients. Consumption of large quantities and variety of vegetables and fruits is recommended. However, there is no conclusion that a vegan diet significantly reduces the risk of cancer. Vegetarians should be careful to add vitamin B, zinc and iron, which is especially important for children and premenopausal women. 27. Does vitamin A reduce cancer? There is no definitive conclusion. In fact, high doses of vitamin A will increase the risk of lung cancer in smokers. 28, vitamin C reduce cancer? Consumption of vegetables and fruits containing large amounts of vitamin C has a cancer prevention effect, but taking simple vitamin C tablets is not effective. 29.Does vitamin D reduce the occurrence of cancer? Epidemiological data show that vitamin D has a certain reducing effect on the risk of colon, prostate and breast cancers (no randomized controlled study yet). It is recommended to obtain vitamin D through a balanced diet and to avoid excessive sun exposure. Daily consumption of vitamin D dose in the range of 200 to 2000 mg. 30. Does vitamin E reduce cancer? Vitamin E is an effective and powerful antioxidant, and has been shown to reduce the incidence of prostate cancer in smokers. However, other effects have not yet been determined by the conclusions of the study. 31. Can water and fruit juices reduce the incidence of cancer? Drinking a lot of water can dilute the concentration of urine and toxic substances in the bladder, thus reducing the occurrence of bladder cancer, and even some data suggest that it is also beneficial to the prevention of colon cancer. It is recommended to drink at least 8 glasses of water daily. Note: Fruit juices provide a lot of water and nutrients, but they contain very little fiber, so they should not be used as a substitute for eating vegetables and fruits.