Acute upper respiratory tract infections
Acute upper respiratory tract infection is a general term for acute inflammation that occurs in the nose, throat or larynx. The common causes are viruses and bacteria, 70-80% of which are due to viruses.
Influenza
I. Introduction
Influenza (influenza for short) is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus.
Second, the clinical performance
According to the clinical manifestations can be divided into simple type, pneumonia type, poisoning type and gastrointestinal type. Influenza usually has an acute onset with symptoms of toxicity such as chills, high fever, headache, dizziness, general aches and pains, and fatigue, and may be accompanied by respiratory symptoms such as sore throat, runny nose, lacrimation, and cough. In a few cases, there are gastrointestinal symptoms such as loss of appetite, abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting and diarrhea. The pneumonia type mostly occurs in patients with pre-existing chronic underlying diseases and in children under 2 years of age, characterized by high fever, irritability, dyspnea, coughing up bloody sputum and obvious cyanosis within 24 hours after the onset of the disease. x-ray chest radiographs show extensive small nodular infiltrative shadows in both lungs.
III. Diagnosis
Suspected case: with epidemiological history and relevant clinical manifestations.
Confirmed case: If the suspected case is positive by further laboratory tests, including virus antigen, virus isolation and serological tests, it can be diagnosed as a confirmed case.
IV. Treatment
1.Early application of anti-influenza virus drugs: anti-influenza virus drugs should be applied within 1~2 days after the onset of the disease to achieve the best efficacy.
2.Strengthen supportive treatment and prevent complications: Since influenza has high fever and high consumption, it is necessary to pay attention to rest, drink more water, pay attention to nutrition, and the diet should be easy to digest.
3.Reasonable application of symptomatic treatment drugs: when the duration of the disease is more than 2 days or there is no condition to apply antiviral drugs, symptomatic treatment is available.
Common cold
I. Introduction
Common cold is commonly known as “cold”, also known as acute rhinitis or upper respiratory tract catarrh, which is a mild, self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection caused by viral invasion of the respiratory tract.
Clinical manifestations
The onset of the disease is rapid, and may be triggered by cold, excessive fatigue and other factors. In mild cases, patients have symptoms such as dry throat, sneezing, nasal congestion, clear watery nose, hoarseness, sore throat, etc. They may also have a dull sense of taste and breathlessness. Generally, it can be cured in 5-7 days. If complicated by Eustachian tube inflammation, hearing loss may occur. Signs can be seen as nasal mucosa congestion, edema, abnormal secretions and mild congestion in the pharynx.
III. Treatment
1.General treatment: Patients with common cold without complications are generally not recommended to use medication.
2.Medication: mainly to reduce the symptoms, shorten the course of the disease and prevent complications.
Prevention
Since there is no special treatment drug for cold, and once suffering from cold, it will cause certain impact on work and life, so prevention is especially important. Strengthening resistance and preventing pathogens from invading is the key to prevention. The main measures are: (1) pay attention to exercise on weekdays and arrange outdoor activities reasonably to adapt to changes in the environment and climate. (2) Dress appropriately and increase or decrease in time with climate change to prevent getting cold or overheating. (3) Control and treat chronic diseases and correct malnutrition. (4) Pay attention to indoor ventilation, avoid going to crowded and dirty air in public places. (5) Avoid overwork, drunkenness and other triggering factors. (6) Pay attention to personal hygiene and wash hands regularly.