Sputum examination for tuberculosis is very necessary, and sputum examination is mainly for antacid bacilli. If the sputum is positive, it means that the tuberculosis is infectious and needs to be treated with standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment for more than six months as soon as possible. If there is cavity formation, the duration of treatment should be extended to more than one year. If the TB sputum is negative for antacid bacilli, it is called bacillus-negative TB and is relatively less infectious. However, in conjunction with chest imaging and the patient’s clinical manifestations, such as cough, sputum, blood in sputum, hot flashes, night sweats, and wasting, standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment is still required for about six months. Bacteria-positive tuberculosis has a relatively long treatment time and is prone to recurrent infections, leading to increased infectivity and the formation of cavities, so the treatment course is relatively long. In bacillus-negative tuberculosis, treatment lasts about six months and is basically curable. Therefore, it is necessary to do sputum examination for tuberculosis, which is also the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and it is necessary to send sputum examination repeatedly and many times to avoid leakage and misdiagnosis.