Suppurative otitis media is a purulent inflammation of the middle ear mucosa and is divided into acute suppurative otitis media and chronic suppurative otitis media. Acute suppurative otitis media is mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus hemolyticus type B and Staphylococcus. It can occur during acute upper respiratory tract infections (acute rhinitis, acute nasopharyngitis, acute tonsillitis), during acute infectious diseases (scarlet fever, measles, whooping cough, influenza, pneumonia, typhoid fever); it can also occur when swimming or diving in unclean water, when milk flows into the middle ear due to improper breastfeeding position of infants, or when the tympanic membrane is traumatized. It is often triggered by a decrease in body resistance due to various reasons, chronic systemic diseases, and focal diseases in adjacent areas (chronic tonsillitis, chronic purulent sinusitis), pediatric adenoid hypertrophy, etc. The above diseases can cause pathogenic bacteria to enter the middle ear along the eustachian tube and the destroyed eardrum in the middle ear, thus leading to otitis media. If left untreated or incompletely treated, the disease can progress to chronic suppurative otitis media. The main symptoms of acute suppurative otitis media are ear pain, tinnitus, hearing loss, bloody or purulent fluid in the ear, along with systemic symptoms such as chills, fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, and in pediatric patients, high fever, convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea, and other symptoms. Severe ear pain can lead to sleepless nights, restlessness, and crying in infants and children. Chronic suppurative otitis media has a long course, lasting months, years or even decades, during which acute inflammation can occur repeatedly, with mild symptoms, mostly only ear pus flowing, few systemic symptoms, and few symptoms in the resting phase. In summary, suppurative otitis media is a purulent inflammation of the middle ear mucosa caused by the invasion of pathogenic bacteria into the middle ear.