Heart disease is the result of the interaction of complex relationships such as genetic and environmental factors. The following factors may affect the development of the fetus and produce congenital malformations. (1) Environmental factors of fetal development: (1) Infections: The incidence of congenital heart disease is higher in infants born with viral or bacterial infections in the first trimester, especially rubella virus, followed by coxsackie virus. (2) Other: such as lesions of the amniotic membrane, fetal compression, early gestational pre-eclampsia, maternal malnutrition, diabetes, phenylketonuria, hypercalcemia, the application of radiation and cytotoxic drugs in the early stages of pregnancy, the mother is too old, etc. have the potential to cause congenital heart disease in the fetus. 2, genetic factors: congenital heart disease has a certain degree of family tendency to develop, may be caused by parental germ cells, chromosomal aberrations. Genetic studies have concluded that most congenital heart disease is formed by the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. 3.Other: Some congenital heart diseases are more frequent in highland areas, and some congenital heart diseases have significant differences in incidence between male and female sexes, indicating that altitude and sex of birthplace are also related to the occurrence of this disease. In patients with congenital heart disease, the cause of the disease can be identified is very few, but strengthening the health care of pregnant women, especially in the early stages of pregnancy to actively prevent rubella, influenza and other rubella viral diseases and avoid all factors related to the development of congenital heart disease has positive significance in the prevention of congenital heart disease.