Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease in the world, seriously endangering human health. 2002 Ministry of Health statistics, the incidence of hypertension in China reached 18.8%, an average of 1 in 5 people suffer from hypertension. However, the awareness rate of hypertension patients is only 30.6%, the treatment rate is only 24.7%, and the control rate is only 6.16%, that is to say, nearly 94% of hypertensive patients do not meet the blood pressure standard, the form is very serious, so we require friends to have sufficient knowledge of hypertension, which is conducive to the prevention and control of hypertensive complications, so as to reduce the disability rate and mortality, and improve the quality of life of patients. Hypertension is extremely dangerous Hypertension seriously endangers human health, nearly 30% of patients worldwide die from stroke and cardiac accidents and other cardiovascular diseases, of which 62% of stroke events are caused by hypertension, while 49% of myocardial infarction is directly caused by hypertension. Hypertension itself is not terrible, diagnosis and treatment are easy, what is terrible is the various complications of hypertension: Patients with hypertension become complications of hypertension due to persistent elevation of arterial pressure, which triggers the hardening of small arteries throughout the body, thus affecting the blood supply to tissues and organs and causing various serious consequences. Common complications of hypertension include coronary heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hyperalgesia, peripheral artery disease, stroke, etc. Among the various complications of hypertension, the damage to the heart, brain and kidney is the most significant. An important direct complication of hypertension in China is cerebrovascular disease, especially cerebral hemorrhage, which has a very high mortality rate. Early detection and timely treatment of hypertension is the key Hypertension is a chronic disease that develops gradually over a long period of time. Early detection and timely treatment of hypertension is crucial, as the patient may have no conscious symptoms in the early stages, but may only discover hypertension during a physical examination or show symptoms such as headache, dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, insomnia, etc. The severity of symptoms is not proportional to the height of blood pressure. Currently, there are three main ways to measure blood pressure: home self-measurement, in-office blood pressure measurement and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Home self-measurement is simple and convenient, and has become the primary means of blood pressure monitoring during medication administration. In-office blood pressure measurement is the main way for patients to detect hypertension, but some patients are prone to so-called “white coat hypertension” because they are nervous after seeing a doctor. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is now a good way to monitor trends in blood pressure fluctuations and guide medication use. Hypertension is divided into two types: primary hypertension, which accounts for 95% of patients, the cause of which cannot be found and has a family genetic basis; secondary hypertension, which accounts for 5% and is mainly caused by kidney disease, renal vascular stenosis, pheochromocytoma, aldosteronism, etc. Once the cause is found, there is sometimes a possibility of cure. Hypertensive patients must overcome the following misconceptions before taking medication: Some patients believe that once they take medication they cannot stop taking it, so they insist on not using it, in fact, this is due to a lack of understanding of hypertensive disease. Once hypertension disease is determined, insist on long-term standardized medication, because hypertension is a lifelong therapeutic disease. In addition, there are still a large number of people, after the use of drugs, blood pressure back to normal, stop using drugs or intermittent medication, resulting in high and low blood pressure phenomenon, very easy to occur cardiovascular events. Evidence-based medicine confirms that patients can benefit greatly from a reasonable and stable blood pressure reduction: every 10-12 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure or 5-6 mmHg reduction in diastolic blood pressure can reduce the risk of heart failure by 52%, the risk of stroke by 38%, and the risk of death from coronary heart disease by 21%. The application of antihypertensive drugs must be standardized, reasonable and comprehensive. The current trend is to use long-acting varieties or slow-release preparations, which can be taken once a day to cover the whole day, lowering blood pressure smoothly, with small fluctuations in blood pressure, reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular events and target organ damage, especially for sudden death due to sudden rise in blood pressure in the morning, cardiovascular accidents and strokes have a protective effect. When blood pressure is not satisfactorily controlled with one drug, a combination of two or three antihypertensive drugs can be considered. Some patients with hypertension take medication all the time, but do not take blood pressure frequently, which is the main reason for unsatisfactory blood pressure control. Complications can still occur when blood pressure is not achieved, therefore, every hypertensive patient should understand their blood pressure lowering goal of 140/90 mmHg or less. For diabetic patients the goal is even lower, under 130/80mmHg. Prevention and control of hypertension should not be neglected In addition to the application of antihypertensive drugs, non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension is also very critical, and the adoption of a reasonable lifestyle is essential to reduce the occurrence of hypertension and its complications. Low-salt diet: Reduce salt intake, less than 6 grams of salt per day is recommended. Other sodium-containing condiments, such as soy sauce, MSG more, should reduce salt intake, low salt diet can make hypertension disease systolic blood pressure drop 5.0 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure drop 2.7mmHg. Reasonable diet: diet should limit fat intake, control cholesterol, saturated fatty acid content, mainly to control the intake of animal fat, cooking dishes, should try not to use lard, butter and other animal oils, it is best to use Vegetable oils, such as sesame oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, canola oil, etc., and minimize the intake of fatty meat and animal offal. Control the intake of sugar and total calories, should not eat too much, too fast, too full, to control weight, reasonable weight loss, moderate diet, eat a certain amount of high-quality protein, such as milk 250g per day, fish and shrimp 50g per day, chicken and duck lean meat 50-100g per day, eggs 3-4 per week and a small amount of vegetable protein, such as soybeans, eat more vegetables and fruits containing potassium, magnesium, calcium raw fiber, especially Carrots, celery, nori, kelp, winter melon, loofah, fungus, etc. have certain antihypertensive efficacy, eat about 500g of fresh vegetables daily, 100g of fruit. Quit smoking and limit alcohol: tobacco contains nicotine, which can stimulate the heart to make the heart beat faster, and make the blood vessels constrict, blood pressure rise, epidemiological surveys have found that the incidence of malignant hypertension significantly higher in smokers, and increase the dose of antihypertensive drugs, but also Increase the risk of coronary heart disease and sudden death. Drinking alcohol can make the blood catecholamines rise, blood pressure, while often drinking alcohol also affects the efficacy of drugs, blood pressure is not easy to control. Physical exercise: appropriate physical exercise, can relax the muscles and blood, can enhance physical fitness, weight loss and maintenance of normal physical fitness, each activity is generally 30 to 60 minutes is appropriate, the intensity varies from person to person, according to the ability to choose a brisk walk, jogging, playing taijiquan, sword practice, swimming and other sports. Generally choose the evening exercise is appropriate, because the blood pressure is at its peak in the morning, hypertensive patients should avoid morning exercise. Maintain emotional stability: pay attention to keep your mood relaxed and avoid emotional ups and downs.