There are multiple methods for esophageal cancer examination, which should be combined with multiple examination methods to diagnose according to the condition. At present, the diagnosis is mainly based on esophagoscopy + biopsy. 1. Based on the symptoms of early esophageal cancer, esophageal exfoliative cytology examination can reach 80%-91% accuracy; fiber esophagoscopy is also feasible, if congestion and edema of esophageal mucosa, erosion or small cauliflower-like elevation are found, biopsy can confirm the diagnosis; X manifestations of early esophageal cancer: limited thickening and interruption of esophageal mucosal folds, shallow niche shadow, small filling defect; radionuclide 32 phosphorus is also helpful to The nature of the lesion can also be determined. All the above methods have certain false positives and false negatives, so they should be applied in an integrated way to avoid misdiagnosis and omission. 2.Middle and late stage esophageal cancer has typical symptoms of progressive dysphagia. Barium esophagogram X-ray shows: mucosal interruption, disorder, niche shadows of different depths; filling defect of official cavity; stiffness of canal wall at lesion site, shadow of soft tissue mass and different degrees of dilatation of esophagus above the lesion. CT shows the extent of extra-luminal extension of esophageal cancer and the presence of metastasis of intra-abdominal organs and lymph nodes. In conclusion, it is very important to choose the appropriate examination for accurate diagnosis according to clinical symptoms.