I. Diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome.
The main manifestations are “three highs and one low”: massive proteinuria, high edema, hyperlipidemia and hypoproteinemia.
The diagnostic steps of nephrotic syndrome are as follows.
1. whether nephrotic syndrome.
2. whether primary nephrotic syndrome.
3. the need to differentiate from secondary nephrotic syndrome due to systemic systemic and congenital genetic diseases
4, which glomerular disease is caused by the kidney biopsy must be done to confirm the diagnosis.
The main secondary glomerular diseases that can cause nephrotic syndrome are: systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis, diabetic nephropathy and purpura nephritis.
II. Comprehensive prevention and treatment methods
1.General measures
Those with little urine and swelling should rest in bed and pay attention to keep warm. Bed rest can increase renal blood flow, which is conducive to diuresis, and reduce the chance of contact with the outside world to prevent cross-infection. However, moderate bed and bedside activities should be maintained to prevent thrombosis of the limb vessels. After the edema subsides and the symptoms are relieved, the activity can be gradually increased, and outdoor activities to light labor can be performed. If there is an increase in urine protein after activity, the activity should be reduced as appropriate.
2.Dietary care
Sun Simiao clearly pointed out in the “Thousand Gold Essentials” that “all edema is difficult to treat, and after disease, we must be careful about taste” and “do not be wanton with salty things”. The main points can be summarized as salt, water, greasy and thick flavors, and food to supplement the essence and blood. It is also the modern proposal of water and sodium, protein, fat and trace elements, such as appropriate intake of lower protein intake can correct the high pressure state of glomerular capillaries. Therefore, for chronic, non-polar nephrotic syndrome should intake a smaller amount of high-quality protein 0.7-1g/Kg.d. If there is chronic renal impairment, it should be in accordance with the low protein diet (0.65g/Kg.d).
3.Fat intake.
Patients with nephrotic syndrome should limit the intake of animal fat, especially cholesterol-rich foods such as animal offal, all kinds of egg yolk, etc. A vegetable and legume diet and soluble fiber (oats, rice bran, etc.) can be given. Rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids amount of food, such as: fish oil, can compensate for the consumption of arachidonic acid, into the cell membrane phospholipids, the generation of prostaglandin-like substances, reduce blood lipids and urine protein, is conducive to reducing the degree of glomerulosclerosis.
4, the supplementation of trace elements.
Copper, zinc, iron and other elements lost by urine can be supplemented by normal diet. Reasonable intake of food to replenish essence and blood can not only replenish the missing vitamins and trace elements, but also is especially important for the edema period and recovery period, such as fish, fresh fruits, vegetables, melons and fruits. Among them, crucian carp strengthens the spleen, black fish dispels wind, and carp moves water, all of which are beneficial to edema disease. However, those who have toothache, red sores or intestinal dampness should not eat crucian carp or carp.
5.Food therapy formula.
(1) gravy coix seeds and wolfberry soup: take gravy 50g, coix seeds 50g, wolfberry 25g, plus buckwheat flour 100g boil porridge to eat, once a day, divided into two servings. This recipe is suitable for those who have edema at the beginning and extreme stage of nephrotic syndrome.
(2) Carp soup: take 100g of live carp, 10g of Cordyceps sinensis, stew and eat it twice a week. It is suitable for recovery period of nephrotic syndrome.
(3) Astragalus soup: take 30-60g of Astragalus, decoction, one dose per day, it has the effect of diuretic and swelling, eliminating proteinuria.