Recently, Dr. Chuanli Zhou of the Eastern Spine Surgery Department successfully removed a tumor of the psoas major muscle by applying a minimally invasive channel and microscope, and the introduction of the microscope into spine surgery made the minimally invasive technique more accurate. The patient, a 68-year-old female, was admitted to the hospital with “low back pain and left lower extremity pain for 1 year, aggravated for 1 month”, with recurrent episodes of low back pain, more severe from 4:00 to 7:00 pm. After completing physical examination and imaging, Chen diagnosed the patient with “lumbar masseter occupancy (L2/3 level, left side)” and considered a neurogenic tumor. Traditional open surgery requires lateral posterior approach to remove the tumor through retroperitoneal separation of the psoas major muscle, because the location is deep, about 250px from the skin, and the incision length is 10-375px, which requires extensive peeling of the back muscles to enter layer by layer and fully reveal the perineural structures, such as ureter, lumbar plexus nerve, lumbar artery, etc. Moreover, the tumor grows out from the nerve and the boundary is unclear, which increases the possibility of damaging the nerve. After comprehensive consideration, Director Chen Xiaoliang suggested the patient to undergo minimally invasive surgical treatment. After hospitalization, the attending physician Zhou Chuanli repeatedly consulted relevant specialists in general surgery and urology, with a view to minimally invasive resection of the tumor through laparoscopy via retroperitoneal approach, but it was considered that the tumor was deeper and covered by the lumbar major muscle, which made it difficult to reveal, and it was connected with L2 nerve root posteriorly, so it was difficult to separate the tumor by microscopic treatment. Then, the lumbar muscle was gradually separated using microscope to reveal the tumor surrounding tissues, and the normal nerve tissues were separated microscopically and then completely excised. The operation lasted for 3 hours, with less than 20 ml of bleeding. The incision was 75 px from the midline and about 87.5 px long, during which the tumor was precisely located, a minimally invasive channel was placed through the multifidus interval, and the tumor tissue was revealed under the microscope, and it was found that the tumor grew from the L2 nerve root and was about 4×3×75 px in size. The tumor was found to have grown from the L2 nerve root and the normal nerve tissue was compressed. After the operation, the patient’s pain in the left thigh disappeared, and there was no numbness or weakness and other aggravation of neurological symptoms, so the purpose of minimally invasive treatment was achieved.