Mr. Wei is just in his early 60s this year and has always been in good health, walking without gasping, eating well, and sleeping until dawn. Because he boasts of his good health, he does not care about the annual physical examination and has not participated in it for several years in a row. This year, he went for a medical checkup only after his partner repeatedly urged him to do so, but he did not expect to find a 6 cm sized mass on his right kidney in the ultrasound. After listening to the advice of a urology specialist, Mr. Wei soon underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for kidney cancer. He recovered quickly after the surgery and was discharged from the hospital in 3 days after the drainage tube was removed. The postoperative pathological section confirmed that the kidney tumor was confined within the kidney envelope and the prognosis was very good. This experience made Mr. Wei feel that it is necessary to have regular medical checkups every year. At the same time, he also wondered how he suddenly developed kidney tumor when his body was not in pain, no hematuria and no weight loss. It turns out that early kidney tumors usually do not have any symptoms, and most of the patients are found from ultrasound physical examination. At the same time, these patients are the beneficiaries of early diagnosis, and many of them have tumors less than 4 cm when they are detected, which can be surgically removed to preserve the kidney. Even if the tumor is found to be large, as long as it is confined within the kidney envelope, it can be completely cured by resection of the affected kidney. Nowadays, minimally invasive techniques have occupied a dominant position in half of surgical procedures. Using laparoscopy, 3-4 small holes are made on the surface of the body, and then a camera and instruments are placed to dissect and separate the mass and remove it completely. For radical resection of kidney cancer, the camera magnification allows for a more delicate and precise operation, resulting in less trauma and faster postoperative recovery. Although laparoscopic nephrectomy also requires an enlarged incision to remove the kidney, the identification and protection of some important blood vessels and nerves is better than traditional open surgery. However, laparoscopic surgery has its drawbacks, such as elderly patients with poor lung function, a history of previous kidney surgery, particularly large tumors with severe surrounding adhesions or combined with large intravascular cancer thrombi, are less suitable for laparoscopic surgery. In this case, traditional open surgery can make up for the above-mentioned deficiencies of laparoscopic surgery. Since early kidney tumors can be completely cured by surgery, annual ultrasound examination of the kidney is important. If a kidney mass is found on physical examination, further undergoing enhanced CT examination can usually help make a definitive diagnosis. For benign kidney tumors with a diameter of up to 4 cm, regular annual ultrasound review and follow-up is sufficient. In addition to benign kidney lesions, the majority of kidney masses in general are still more likely to be malignant, including renal clear cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, and suspicious cell carcinoma, etc. Early diagnosis is especially important at this time. Because the prognosis and treatment effect of renal malignant tumors are closely related to the extent of tumor infiltration.