Multiple myeloma is a kind of hematologic malignant tumor, which is a disease produced by malignant proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow. It is most common in middle-aged and old men aged 50-60 years old, and its incidence rate accounts for 1% of all tumors and 10% of hematologic tumors. In addition, there are various types of hematologic malignancies, such as leukemia and malignant lymphoma. I. Discovering the traces of myeloma At present, the general public including doctors generally have low awareness of multiple myeloma, and the rate of misdiagnosis and mistreatment is high. When middle-aged and old people have symptoms such as bone pain, anemia, proteinuria, recurrent infections, and numbness of the hands and feet, they tend to consult orthopedics, internal medicine, surgery, etc., and the diagnosis is not clear, which delays the time of treatment. Multiple myeloma disease progresses slowly, the onset of disease is insidious, and patients do not have any symptoms at the earliest stage. With the development of the disease, some typical symptoms start to appear: 1. Bone pain: the most common early symptom, which is most likely to invade the flat bones of human body, such as skull, ribs, sternum, spine and proximal end of long bones of limbs, and the pain is most common in the lumbar area, followed by the chest, ribs and limbs. At the initial onset, the pain comes and goes, the pain can be intermittent or wandering, the pain site is not fixed, and then gradually aggravated to be persistent pain, bone localized pressure pain, and a few patients’ sternum, ribs can be felt as a lump. 2, generalized osteoporosis and fracture: fracture mostly occurs in non-weight-bearing parts, often several fractures occur at the same time. x-ray examination can help early detection and early diagnosis. 3.Anemia: as the tumor cells can inhibit the normal hematopoiesis of bone marrow, 90% of the patients have anemia manifestation, and may appear thrombocytopenia, bleeding tendency, skin and mucous membrane hemorrhage is more common, and visceral and intracranial hemorrhage can be seen in severe cases. 4, recurrent infections in lung and urinary system: tumor cells destroy the bone marrow function, and also cause the body’s immune function to decline, so that the body is susceptible to bacterial and viral infections. The most common ones are bacterial pneumonia, recurrent urinary tract infection, and viral infection manifested as recurrent herpes zoster. 5.Impairment of renal function: more than half of the patients have protein, red blood cells, white blood cells in urine, and some of them also have chronic renal failure, hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia and so on. 6. When patients in advanced stage develop enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes, and myeloma cells infiltrate all over the body and press the spinal nerve root or invade the brain and spinal cord, it can cause sensory abnormality, vision loss, diplopia, somnolence, and even paralysis of limbs. Myeloma can also cause microcirculation disorder, and patients will have dizziness, numbness of hands and feet, etc., which can lead to coma in serious cases. Second, examination and diagnosis 1, protein electrophoresis: there are typical changes. 2, Liver biochemical examination: abnormal elevation of globulin. 3.Bone perforation: a large number of myeloma cells are found in the bone marrow smear, and there are obvious changes in the bone marrow image, such as hypoproliferative active or obviously active. 4. Bone X-ray: the bone is phagocytosed by tumor cells and there are puncture-like changes with neat edges. If more than 2 of the above conditions occur, the diagnosis can be made by combining the clinical manifestations. C. Cannot be cured but can be relieved 1. Systemic, extensive and multi-site lesions are mostly treated with combined chemotherapy and appropriate use of hormones. 2, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: at present, autologous bone marrow cells in vitro purification technology using two transplants can significantly extend the survival time of patients. Doctors do not recommend the use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation due to high cost and high risk. 3, molecular targeted therapy, proteasome inhibitors, arsenic, immunotherapy and other methods of integrated treatment, so that the patient’s therapeutic remission rate increased significantly, the survival period significantly longer.