People know that leukemia, thalassemia, etc. are considered incurable diseases and through bone marrow stem cell transplantation, patients with these diseases are given the hope of life. This is due to the fact that, in the 1950s, scientists discovered that by transplanting bone marrow, patients could be treated for diseases such as hematopoietic dysfunction after obtaining hematopoietic stem cells. With the development of science, in 1989, an American scientist discovered neural stem cells in the brain tissue. Neural stem cells can repair damaged cells in the brain, and transplanting neural stem cells to repair damaged brain tissue can help patients recover their functions. Many people do not understand this point, what kind of treatment technology is “stem cell transplantation”? With this question, the reporter interviewed Dr. Radium Chen, a neural stem cell expert in the brain department of the Affiliated Hospital of the Armed Forces Medical College. Dr. Chen told the reporter that not much is known about stem cells, especially neural stem cells, even for professional scholars. Before 1989, no one believed in the existence of “neural stem cells”. It was believed that neurons could not be regenerated after damage, and if nerve cells died after damage, they would not be replenished with new strength like blood cells, and only “glial cells” could replenish the gap. “Therefore, once the nerve cells are damaged, as in the case of cerebral palsy, the damaged nerve cells cannot repair themselves, and various symptoms such as vegetative survival, hemiplegia, convulsions, aphasia, memory loss, and other neurological deficits will occur. symptoms. This view was shattered by the discovery of neural stem cells in 1989, which immediately aroused great interest among scientists from all over the world and led to numerous experimental studies, and by the early 1990s, scientists concluded that neural stem cells do exist in large areas of the brain and spinal cord of adult animals. This exciting discovery meant that even if a nerve cell was damaged, the body could repair it to its original form on its own. The main mechanism of the treatment includes the secretion of various neurotrophic factors by stem cells, which can activate the differentiation of “dormant” neural stem cells in the body into neural cells and play a nutritional role in repairing the damaged cells, and the release of various chemotactic factors in the damaged tissues of the affected area, which can attract the stem cells to the damaged area and In addition, various chemotactic factors are released after the tissue damage in the affected area, which can attract stem cells to gather at the damaged area and differentiate into different types of cells under the action of local microenvironment to repair and replenish the damaged nerve cells. Stem cells are equivalent to a seed that differentiates, grows and repairs the damaged nerve cells. Over time, scientists from all over the world began to devote themselves to this fascinating field of research. Stem cells are mainly obtained from the mesenchymal stem cells of our own bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and umbilical cord at this stage, excluding the factors troubled by medical ethics. The establishment of umbilical cord blood stem cell banks and mesenchymal stem cell banks around the world has provided the foundation for the clinical development of stem cell transplantation. In Tianjin, the cord blood stem cell bank has been in operation since April 2001, storing more than 15,000 newborn cord blood stem cells and providing matched donors for successful transplantation in dozens of cases, which is one of the largest cord blood banks in China. The mating chance is increased to a certain extent. The Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Center of the Affiliated Hospital of the Armed Police Medical College cooperates with the Institute of Blood Diseases of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank and Tianjin Onsite Cell Genetic Engineering Co. Nowadays, it is not a vision for people who have been paralyzed for several years to get back on their feet, and the application of neural stem cells in clinical practice has made the rehabilitation of patients with stroke (cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage), microcephaly (cerebral palsy) and spinal cord injury possible. In addition, neural stem cells have been widely used in the treatment of ataxia, post-traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s syndrome, motor neuron disease (ALS), multiple sclerosis, facial palsy, multiple system atrophy (MSA), Alzheimer’s disease, optic nerve atrophy and many other neurological diseases that are difficult to treat. Stem cell research is a hot area of life science in the 21st century, and neural stem cell research is one of the frontier disciplines in the international medical field, and the research prospect is very promising. The research on neural stem cell transplantation is also emerging in the medical field at home and abroad, which will certainly promote the development of this field. Perhaps in the near future, paralyzed patients and vegetative people will no longer be a medical problem.