Dystonia is simply an abnormality in the tone of the body’s active and antagonistic muscles due to uncoordinated contraction. Depending on the location of the dystonia, it is generally classified as limited, segmental, eccentric, or generalized. In our inherent thinking, it is felt that the earlier the disease is detected, the less severe the symptoms are likely to be. However, this condition is very different from other diseases, and usually the earlier the age of onset, the more severe the symptoms are likely to be and the greater the likelihood of spreading to other parts of the body. The older the age of onset, the more likely it is that dystonia will remain focal. Depending on the cause, dystonia is classified as primary or secondary, with primary dystonia being due to congenital factors and having a tendency to run in families. It has been found that dystonia can be inherited autosomal dominant or recessive, or X chromosome. Secondary, however, is usually considered to be caused by infectious diseases, or degenerative diseases, such as encephalitis, hepatomegaly, etc. The onset of the disease may also be caused by previous cerebrovascular disease or metabolic disorders. Dystonia symptoms There are many clinical symptoms of dystonia, such as torsional spasm, spastic squint, tardive dyskinesia, Meige syndrome, and writing spasm. The treatment of this disease includes medications, local injections of botulinum toxin type A, and surgery. Botulinum toxin may be effective for limited or segmental dystonia, but it also has many limitations. Surgical treatment may be considered for severe patients for whom medication or botulinum toxin type A has not been effective. Currently, neurologists are clinically using SPN surgery (peripheral nerve narrowing), SPR surgery (selective posterior spinal nerve rhizotomy), and FES-CCA surgery (carotid sympathetic nerve net stripping) to achieve precise adjustments with definite results.