Hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism) is a systemic, genetically predisposed endocrine disorder that was previously thought to be rare in children, but its incidence in children and adolescents has been increasing yearly in recent years. It is usually seen in children with a family history of thyroid disease, and the incidence is higher in girls than in boys. After hyperthyroidism occurs in children, parents often find that their children have thickened necks, short temper, impatience, fear of heat, excessive sweating, strong appetite, frequent snacking, and increased stool frequency. Some older children may complain of panic, irritability, hand tremors, lack of energy, etc. In the hospital, the doctor will find that the child’s thyroid gland is enlarged and the heart rate is fast; laboratory tests will reveal elevated blood thyroxine. As hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune disease, it is prone to recurrence. Therefore, it is important to take medication as prescribed and review it regularly. During medication, it is important to take rest, avoid strenuous activities, and not eat iodine-rich foods such as sea fish, shrimp and kelp. Radioisotope treatment for hyperthyroidism in children is also used abroad and has achieved satisfactory results. If medication is not effective, children with recurrent hyperthyroidism or excessive enlargement of the thyroid gland pressing on the trachea can be treated with thyroid surgery according to the situation. Oral medication is preferred in China for the treatment of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents. Parents should be alert to children with thyroid disease in their parents, grandparents or grandparents and other relatives, and should go to the hospital for examination as soon as the above conditions are detected.