Definition: An organ or tissue in the body that leaves its normal anatomical site and enters another site through a congenital or acquired weak point, defect or orifice is called a hernia. According to the site of occurrence, common extra-abdominal hernias are inguinal hernia, femoral hernia, umbilical hernia and incisional hernia. Intra-abdominal hernias are formed by the entry of organs or tissues into the interstitial sacs of the abdominal cavity. Etiology: Decreased strength of the abdominal wall and increased intra-abdominal pressure are the two main causes of the development of ventral hernia. Decreased strength of the abdominal wall: There are many potential factors that cause decreased strength of the abdominal wall, the most common ones being: 1. The abdominal wall strength is also reduced due to obesity, muscle atrophy, etc. In addition, the reduction in the content of hydroxyproline, one of the amino acids in the body, causes disorders of collagen metabolism, which results in abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts in the anterior sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle, leading to reduced strength of the abdominal wall. Increased intra-abdominal pressure: chronic cough, chronic constipation, difficulty in urination (e.g., prostatic hyperplasia, encopresis, bladder stones), ascites, pregnancy, weight lifting, and frequent crying of infants are common causes of increased intra-abdominal pressure. Treatment: Surgery: In principle, surgery should be performed for all types of extra-abdominal hernias, and surgery is still the only effective and reliable treatment method. There are many surgical methods (including traditional repair, tension-free repair and minimally invasive lumpectomy), but the general principle is high ligation of the hernia sac neck, hernia repair or hernioplasty. For incarcerated and strangulated hernias, emergency surgery is indicated. Non-surgical treatment: for inguinal hernia within 1 year of age, surgery can be suspended and cotton thread girdles can be used to compress the inner ring to prevent protrusion of the hernia mass; for umbilical hernia, the umbilical hernia can be returned and then the umbilicus can be padded with a small piece of soft flannel. For elderly and frail patients who are not suitable for surgery or have contraindications to surgery, a hernia belt can be used to compress the inner ring to avoid protrusion of abdominal contents to relieve symptoms.