The most typical clinical presentation of an extra-abdominal hernia is a protruding mass in the abdomen, which initially appears only when standing, working, walking, running, or coughing, and can return and disappear on its own when lying down. As the condition progresses, the protruding mass gradually increases in size and does not return on its own when lying down, often requiring manual massage before it disappears, accompanied by crushing and distension of the mass and, in some cases, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and other intestinal discomfort.