According to the United Nations World Health Organization, “By health, we mean not only the absence of physical defects and diseases, but also a good physical and mental state and a perfect ability to adapt.”
How to count old age?
Different generations, different societies and countries have different algorithms.
1.Calendar age: from birth to the present, when one reaches 60 years old.
2.Physiological age: all tissues and organs of the body, whether they are aging or not.
3.Psychological age: psychological aging or not; psychological aging, manifested as mental depression, twilight, like to recall the past, feeling the world, long contempt, no ideal for the future, no pursuit, doing nothing, doing nothing.
The definition of old age by the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO).
Young people before the age of 44
Middle age from 44 to 64 years old
65 to 74 years old as young old people
75 to 90 years old as old people
90 to 120 years old as long-lived
Criteria for physical and mental health of the elderly (United Nations World Health Organization)
Five fast: eat fast, talk fast, excrete fast, walk fast, sleep fast
Three good.
1, good personality
2.Good interpersonal relationship
3, fast approach to the world
Criteria of mental health
One, normal intelligence.
II. Stable emotion.
III. Good development of self-awareness.
IV. Mental behavior appropriate to age and gender
V. Harmonious interpersonal relationships
Sixth, excellent quality of will and sound personality
Psychological changes of the elderly
I. Perception: sluggishness, obviously manifested in distance receptors. Such as vision (farsightedness), hearing and others.
Second, motor: due to muscle atrophy, so muscle strength decreases movement slowly, Jing Qi action difficulties, sometimes produce tremors.
Third, memory: gradually decreases with age. Especially the recent events are forgotten.
Fourth, intelligence: manifested as comprehension, calculation, judgment, analytical reasoning, learning and other abilities.
Liquefied intelligence —- is linked to the power components of biological processes. Such as attention, alertness, reaction, etc., have decreased.
Crystallized intelligence —- refers to the knowledge, experience, expertise, etc. acquired through learning is more solid.
V. Emotions: the elderly are emotionally fragile, easily depressed, sad and easily provoked, irritable. Some are indifferent and sluggish.
Personality: gradually turn from extroversion to introversion, easy to self-centered, conservative, suspicious, narrow-minded, love to whine.
Behavior: social life ability, family life ability and learning ability decreases withdrawn, sluggish. Some of them have poor self-control, often making a fuss, impulsive, abusive and chattering.
Some psychologists consider the elderly to be an “age of loss”.
Four major losses.
1, the loss of physical and mental health renewal —- makes people have a “sense of old age”.
2, the loss of power, status, economic – make people have a “sense of loss”, inferiority, abandonment.
3. Loss of social ties —– makes people feel “lonely”.
4. Loss of purpose in life.
Mental health care for the elderly
External conditions: The state, society, units and families all care about respecting and honoring the elderly, creating good conditions and arranging a better resting and recreational environment, so that they can spend their twilight years happily.
For example: activity centers for the elderly, universities for the elderly, apartments for the elderly, villages for the elderly, etc., so that the elderly can be re-socialized and have a sense of purpose and success.
China’s six policies for the elderly: old people have support, old people have medical care, old people have education, old people have work, old people have fun and old people have education.
Psychological adaptation during retirement
I. Preparation period: there are positive preparations and negative attitudes.
II. Retirement period: excitement and reluctance.
III. Close moon period: from the busy work to the retirement life, no work burden, relaxed and happy.
IV. Adaptation period (about a year): too free, a variety of bad feelings, more and more, difficult to adapt.
V. Stabilization period: re-adaptation and establishment of a new lifestyle, life order, emotional stability, and restfulness in the encounter.
Self-psychological care for the elderly
1. Establish an optimistic view of life and a correct view of life and death.
2.Handle the interpersonal relationship in the family, respect the old and love the young, live in harmony and enjoy the happiness of family life.
3, physically recognize old age and obey old age, but not psychologically, always maintain positive ambition, full of enthusiasm, and participate in various activities.
4.Cultivate interests, add new hobbies, so that the spirit has a support, life has a pursuit, life content is rich, full.
5.To have five pleasures: self-seeking happiness (self-gratification), contentment, helping others, happiness with others, and even happiness in suffering.
6, exercise, proper exercise.
7, pay attention to nutrition, regular life, combining work and rest.
8, in accordance with the principle of “using talk about waste retreat”, more hands, diligent use of brain, continue the decline.
9. Quit bad habits.
10.Psychological knowledge, enhance the psychological defense ability, in order to get rid of the distress, peace of mind.