A high CV value of red blood cell distribution width alone is not clinically significant and only indicates a difference in the consistency of red blood cell size and shape, so no special treatment is needed. If the CV value of red blood cell distribution width is high, and the values of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the routine blood count are also reduced, anemia may have occurred and should be treated accordingly. In general, in the case of anemic patients, a high CV value for the width of red blood cell distribution on routine blood tests can help diagnose the type of anemia or determine whether the treatment is effective. First of all, in the process of blood cell production, if there is an abnormal bone marrow hematopoietic function caused by an acquired factor or a lack of hematopoietic material, it often leads to a high CV value of red blood cell distribution width due to the inconsistent size and shape of red blood cells within the blood, such as iron deficiency anemia. In the case of congenital abnormalities of bone marrow hematopoiesis, high CV values of erythrocyte distribution width do not necessarily occur, such as congenital megaloblastic anemia and hereditary thalassemia. Secondly, the type of anemia can also be determined by combining the erythrocyte distribution width with the mean erythrocyte volume. In the case of high CV values of erythrocyte distribution width, if the mean erythrocyte volume is decreased, it is common in small cell non-homogeneous anemia such as iron deficiency anemia and β-thalassemia. If the mean erythrocyte volume is unchanged, it is more often seen in normocytic non-homogeneous anemia such as early or mixed nutritional deficiency, myelofibrosis, abnormal hemoglobin anemia, bone marrow dysplasia, and iron granulocytic anemia. If both are elevated, it is usually seen in megaloblastic anemia due to folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency, or in macrocytic non-homogeneous anemia such as partial sickle cell anemia. In addition, the erythrocyte distribution width CV value allows monitoring the effectiveness of drug therapy for iron deficiency anemia. In the early stages of iron therapy, if effective, the erythrocyte width CV value usually appears elevated and returns to normal levels in the later stages of therapy. If anemia is diagnosed by checking the red blood cell distribution width and related tests, it needs to be treated accordingly according to different types of anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia, which requires active iron supplementation and can be treated with iron supplements, such as ferrous sulfate, under the guidance of a doctor, or folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation in case of megaloblastic anemia. And for severe anemia, blood transfusion treatment can be considered.