In 2001, an epidemiological survey of 426 cases of incontinence in adults over 18 years of age in Wuhan found that there were 136 patients with incontinence, accounting for 31.9% of the population surveyed, 93 women and 43 men, accounting for 40.3% and 22.1% of the respective populations. In understanding the propensity to seek medical care for all survey respondents, only 34.04% of the respondents had the intention to seek medical care. Symptomatic treatment is effective Different types of incontinence are treated differently, so the first and most important step in treatment is to identify which type of incontinence is present, which often requires an experienced specialist, combined with incontinence performance and related tests to determine. Treatment for urinary incontinence generally includes behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, adjunctive device therapy and surgery. It is worth mentioning that with the continuous development of urology, the minimally invasive method of TVT surgery is currently used, which only involves making two 1 cm incisions in the patient’s lower abdomen and placing a biosynthetic suspension belt from the vagina, which is easy to perform, has little damage, quick recovery and is suitable for treating all types of stress urinary incontinence. In addition, artificial urethral sphincter surgery is effective for patients with urethral sphincter dysfunction. Embarrassing “social cancer” Enuresis often causes embarrassing scenes for patients and sometimes is accompanied by the smell of urine, which interferes with normal life and rest, and can also affect social activities. Therefore, it makes sense that some people call urinary incontinence “social cancer”. In addition, it can cause many physical discomforts. The leakage can cause rashes, skin infections and ulcers on the perineum and lower abdomen and thighs, as well as urinary tract infections, bladder stones and, in severe cases, bilateral kidney function. Female urinary incontinence can be divided into two types of urge incontinence and stress incontinence. Urge incontinence is manifested by a strong urge to urinate, but an involuntary leakage of urine before you reach the toilet, or when you hear the sound of running water, even if you drink a small amount of liquid, it can cause an involuntary leakage of urine. Stress urinary incontinence is manifested by involuntary leakage of urine when walking, during general physical labor or when laughing or sneezing, and patients often take the method of going to the toilet several times in advance in order to avoid leakage. Its onset is mainly caused by birth injuries. Stress urinary incontinence is a global disease and is currently the highest incidence female lower urinary tract disorder, with approximately 48% of adult women abroad suffering from urinary incontinence, the incidence among Chinese women is currently roughly 29%, and 40% of adult women over 40 years of age in Shanghai suffer from varying degrees of urinary incontinence. However, less than 10% of patients visit the hospital and only 0.7% actually find a urologist. Stress urinary incontinence is the involuntary flow of urine due to increased abdominal pressure in patients. The causes of its development are very complex, and the main causes found in current studies are: older age, history of multiple births, obesity, chronic constipation, history of gynecological surgery, decreased estrogen levels in women after menopause, long-term smoking and alcohol intake. These factors can cause the patient’s urethral sphincter to fail to control urine or the pelvic muscles to weaken, causing the patient’s urethral pressure to drop, resulting in urinary storage disorders. So can stress urinary incontinence be cured? With the advent of new technologies, the efficacy of stress urinary incontinence has been substantially improved. There are now several main methods: Pelvic floor muscle exercises The method described here is very simple, it does not require any equipment, can be performed on any occasion and at any time, and can go unnoticed. The method is as follows: contract the vagina and anus, lift up, hold for 2 to 3 seconds and then relax, then repeat the action you just did. This exercise should be done 300 to 500 times a day. These movements do not have to be done at once, but can be done in several sessions. They usually start to have an effect after at least 1 to 2 months of adherence, and they need to last for more than a year. It will be useful for mild stress incontinence. Medication Adrenergic receptor agonists (e.g., tubocurarine, ephedrine) are the most commonly used medications to treat stress urinary incontinence and are considered the most effective in current research. These medications treat stress urinary incontinence by increasing the ability of the urethral sphincter to close. Some cases can be treated with anticholinergic drugs, such as promethazine bromide, promethazine, and hydroxybutynin hydrochloride. Estrogen can be used to treat stress urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women. Estrogen has the effect of increasing the tone and blood supply of the urethral sphincter, but the efficacy is controversial. In addition, patients with stress urinary incontinence who have breast, cervical, or uterine cancer should not receive estrogen medication. Surgical treatment Surgical treatment options include posterior urethral sclerotherapy, various suspensions, artificial urethral sphincter placement, and urethral lengthening or folding. One of the internationally established treatment modalities is the transtensionless vaginal sling implantation (TVT implantation). This procedure involves placing a sling made of a special polypropylene material into the body, which can be lifted to compress the urethra when the intra-abdominal pressure increases, thereby inhibiting urine leakage. This sling does not cause inflammation in the body and can be effective for life. The surgery is minimally invasive, with minimal damage, and generally does not damage the bladder, urethra, intestines, uterine adnexa, etc.; and the puncture points are hidden and do not affect the aesthetic requirements of the patient.