Pulmonary cysts are cystic lesions that contain gas or fluid in the lungs and may be caused by congenital developmental abnormalities or may be associated with acquired diseases. In most cases, pulmonary cysts are not serious; in a few cases, they may have more serious consequences if they are large or if they are not treated promptly. Congenital pulmonary cysts are mainly due to impaired lung development during embryonic development and are usually detected at an early stage, and timely standardized treatment can bring the condition under control with a better prognosis and is not a serious disease. Secondary pulmonary cysts caused by acquired diseases, mainly including those caused by parasitic diseases, post-infection, trauma, etc., are not serious in most cases, but will be more serious if they are not treated in time or if the pulmonary cysts are large and may become infected or malignant. Pulmonary cysts may not have symptoms in the early stage, but if they are not treated in time, with the development of the disease, patients will show coughing, chest stuffiness, pain and even shortness of breath, suffocating wheezing, and in the case of infants and children with pulmonary cysts, fever and even respiratory failure may occur. In this case, the situation is more serious and needs to be treated in time. If the lung cyst is large, causing repeated lung infections, or if the cyst ruptures or bleeds, or if the cyst is too large and compresses the surrounding tissues and organs, the symptoms are more serious and may include coughing up pus, elevated body temperature, and difficulty in breathing, but most of them are treated by anti-inflammatory therapy and combined medications, such as glucocorticoids, and if necessary, surgery can be chosen. In addition, some patients with pulmonary cysts have the possibility of malignant transformation, or there are cancer cells in the ruptured cysts, which may cause lung cancer to some extent, so regular review and pathological examination are needed for patients suspected of malignant transformation to clarify the diagnosis.