The formation of spots is a very complicated process, which is related to many factors such as age, endocrine, emotions, insomnia, drugs, hormones, sunlight, wind blowing, unhealthy body and skin. Ultraviolet radiation, a large number of melanin in the basal layer splits, melanin keeps advancing upward to accumulate in the stratum corneum, forming spots. I. Internal factors 1. Stress: When people are under stress, they will secrete adrenaline to prepare for dealing with stress. If subjected to long-term stress, the balance of the body’s metabolism will be disrupted, the supply of nutrients needed by the skin tends to slow down, and pigment mother cells will become very active. Chen Hui, Plastic and Laser Aesthetic Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University; 2, hormonal imbalance: the female hormone estrogen contained in the contraceptive pill will stimulate the secretion of mylanin cells and the formation of uneven spots, spots formed by the pill, although it will stop after the interruption of the pill, but will still stay on the skin for a long time. In pregnancy, due to the increase of female hormone estrogen, spots will easily appear from the 4th to 5th month of pregnancy, and most of the spots that appear at this time will disappear after delivery. However, irregular metabolism, exposure to strong ultraviolet rays and mental stress can deepen the spots. Sometimes the newly grown spots will not disappear after delivery, so more attention is needed; 3. Slow metabolism: spots will appear when the metabolic function of liver is not normal or when the ovarian function is reduced. Because the metabolism is not smooth, or the endocrine disorder is in a sensitive state, the pigmentation problem will be aggravated. Constipation can form spots, which are actually formed by endocrine disorders that cause allergies. When the body state is not normal, ultraviolet radiation will also accelerate the formation of spots; 4, the wrong use of cosmetics: the use of cosmetics not suitable for their skin, resulting in skin allergies, in the process of treatment, such as excessive exposure to ultraviolet light, the skin will be in order to resist external aggression, in the inflammatory parts of the collection of mellanin pigment, so that the problem of hyperpigmentation will occur. Second, external factors 1, ultraviolet light: when irradiated with ultraviolet light, the human body in order to protect the skin, the basal layer will produce a lot of mellanin pigment. So in order to protect the skin will gather more pigment in sensitive areas. Often exposed to strong sunlight not only promote skin aging, but also cause dark spots, freckles and other pigmentation skin disorders; 2, bad cleaning habits: because of strong cleaning habits to make the skin become sensitive, which will stimulate the skin itself. When the skin is sensitive, the melanocytes will secrete a lot of melanin pigment in order to protect the skin, and when there is excess pigment, there will be spots, blemishes and other skin pigmentation problems; 3, hereditary gene: if there are parents with long spots, the probability of my long spots is high, and this situation can be judged as the role of hereditary gene to a certain extent. So people who have long spots in the family, especially the elders, should pay attention to avoid UV radiation which is one of the important factors triggering spots. Pay attention to sun protection! Spot classification 1.Active spot: caused by the active enzyme kojic acid enzyme, resulting in unstable nature, affected by external light and endocrine factors, the color shades will change, can be removed, common: chloasma, sun spots, stretch marks, dark spots; 2.Qualitative spot: stable nature, not affected by external factors and changes, once removed the original part will not grow back, common: genetic spots, freckles, age spots, pigmented nevus. pigmented nevus. Characteristics of pigmentation spots: 1. Freckles: related to heredity, 3% related to autosomes and blood, the color is aggravated after sun exposure, the distribution is dotted and isolated from each other, the diameter does not exceed 0.5 cm, often distributed on cheeks, hands and shoulders, starting to appear at the age of 5-7, cannot be eradicated but can only fade; 2. It is common on the face and symmetrical on both cheeks, mainly due to endocrine and female hormonal disorders; 3. Pregnancy and sun spots: acquired factors, caused by ultraviolet rays, and irregular in size; 4. It is the most common beauty problem for middle-aged women (men also have dark spots but it is rare). It is usually found on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip and chin, producing a whole patch of ochre brown spots, also known as liver spots because of their color. Causes and worsening factors include pregnancy, oral contraceptives, certain medications (such as antiepileptics) and sun exposure. Most of them are difficult to fade away naturally once they appear. Laser blemish removal and photorejuvenation are by far the most ideal: the principle is to use a high intensity beam of light at a specific wavelength absorbed by the pigment or tissue in the skin. The laser breaks up the pigmented material deposited in the skin to break it down in a nanometer time, and promotes the circulation of the skin at the base, reducing the thermal damage effect of the treatment on the surrounding skin. As the pigment particles are gradually absorbed by the body, the color fades and finally disappears completely after several facial spot treatments.