Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most common means of treating malignant tumors. The main toxic side effect after radiotherapy is leukopenia. Leukocytes are the indispensable immune cells of human body, which can directly destroy the pathogenic germs invaded by the outside world. Zhu Weiliang of Breast Surgery Department of Changzhou First People’s Hospital, because the current radiation and chemotherapy drugs are not selective enough, mainly targeting the rapidly proliferating and replicating cells in the body, so they are like a double-edged sword for tumor treatment, which has a killing effect on the crazy multiplying tumor cells, but also has a toxic effect on the normal cells with short proliferation cycle in the body, such as: oral mucosa cells, scalp cells, white blood cells, etc., leading to Oral ulcers, hair loss, and leukopenia. In routine blood tests, a leukocyte count below 4.0×109/liter is called leukopenia, which can be clinically manifested as weakness, muscle swelling, low fever, decreased appetite, and drowsiness. In clinical work, I often encounter many patients or family members who are very afraid of leukopenia after radiotherapy, therefore, those who refuse to give up radiotherapy are also found, which delays the best time to treat tumor. Patients and their families are particularly concerned about the countermeasures to prevent or treat leukopenia, so the author has collected some practical countermeasures as follows. According to Chinese medicine, “deficiency of spleen and kidney, deficiency of qi and blood” after radiotherapy is an important pathogenesis of leukopenia, and the disease is classified as “deficiency of labor” and “deficiency of qi and blood” in Chinese medicine. The disease is classified as “deficiency of labor” and “deficiency of qi and blood” in Chinese medicine. Before radiotherapy, you can use Chinese medicine evidence-based treatment and dietary regimen: Astragalus has the effect of tonifying the middle and benefiting the qi and treating weakness. According to the medical doctors, Astragalus is the most important medicine to nourish Qi. The “Ben Jing Feng Yuan”: “Astragalus can nourish all the deficiencies of the five organs”. The herbal medicine of the Sun Hua Zi says that it: “helps qi to strengthen tendons and bones, and grows flesh and blood”. Leukopenia is mostly a symptom of Qi deficiency in Chinese medicine, and Astragalus is the most important Qi tonic, so it is recommended for leukopenia patients. Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng has the function of tonifying Qi, strengthening the spleen and stomach, nourishing Qi and blood, and is commonly used by people with Qi deficiency. According to a large amount of clinical literature, Radix Codonopsis can raise the white blood cells caused by radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Jujube has the effect of tonifying the spleen, benefiting the qi and nourishing the blood, and is suitable for people with blood deficiency, anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia. For tumor patients with reduced white blood cells after radiotherapy or chemotherapy, it is customary to use red dates to cook porridge with red beans and glutinous rice. Beef marrow can nourish the kidney and benefit the marrow. It is recorded in the Shennong Ben Cao Jing that it “nourishes the middle, fills the bone marrow, and increases youthfulness when taken for a long time”. Leukopenia is a disease of deficiency of essence and blood and deficiency of labor in Chinese medicine, therefore, it is appropriate to eat it regularly to receive the effect of nourishing deficiency and benefiting essence and blood. Beef can nourish the spleen and stomach, benefit the qi and blood, and strengthen the muscles and bones. Han’s Medical General” believes that “yellow beef nourishes the qi, and has the same function as sheep astragalus.” The medical forest compilation also says: “beef taste sweet, special spleen and earth, the spleen and stomach, the latter’s qi and blood, supplement this is not complementary carry on.” If you eat more beef, it will nourish the spleen, so it is good to eat it often. Deer antler can strengthen the yang, nourish the qi and blood, benefit the essence, strengthen the bones and muscles. According to Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty, it “cures all deficiencies”. It is suitable for people who suffer from leukopenia and are afraid of coldness. Deer horn gum also has the same effect, so it is also suitable for taking. In addition, leukopenia patients are also recommended to eat chicken, sea cucumber, gum, chicken, eggs, pigeon meat, pigeon eggs, eels, loach, snapper, prince’s ginseng, yam, cordyceps, monkey head mushroom, shiitake mushroom, wolfberry, yellow essence, walnut meat, peanut seeds and other products that benefit qi and nourish blood. During radiotherapy, it is necessary to pay more attention to the intake of high-quality diet, such as: (1) high protein diet, mainly to improve the body’s resistance and provide the material basis for the recovery of white blood cells to normal. High protein food should be chosen from poultry and eggs, lean meat, animal liver, kidney, dairy, beans and their products. High-protein foods can be made into fluids or semi-liquids, easy to digest and absorb. (2) High vitamin diet, vitamins can promote the growth and development of cells. It helps to differentiate and proliferate white blood cells and promote the return to normal. High vitamin food should be chosen from yeast hair pasta food, cereals, peanuts, fresh green vegetables, fruits, fruit juices, etc. to supplement vitamin C, B and folic acid. Vitamin-rich foods should not be cooked for too long to avoid loss of vitamins. (3) Strict disinfection. At this time, the patient’s resistance is weak and prone to complications of infection, so when making food should be strictly disinfected, never eat raw, cold or unclean food. In general, leukopenia appears 1 to 2 weeks after chemotherapy and often recovers 2 to 3 weeks after chemotherapy. Therefore, during the course of radiotherapy treatment, you should follow the doctor’s arrangement to check your blood picture regularly, at least 1 to 2 times/week. In case of post-radiotherapy leukopenia, patients and family members should cooperate with doctors to do the following to protect themselves: (1) Pay attention to oral, perineal and skin cleanliness and hygiene. (2) Keep the indoor air fresh, ventilate frequently, room temperature and humidity are appropriate, visits from friends and relatives should be controlled, and daily rest should be paid attention to. (3) Avoid going to public places to reduce the chance of infection, and if you must go out, it is best to wear a mask. (4) If the white blood cell count is found to be lower than 3.0×109/liter, take leukocyte-raising drugs strictly as prescribed by the doctor and review the blood picture regularly. Squalane and Lysine are the commonly used oral leukocyte-raising drugs, and if necessary, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor should be injected in order to restore the leukocyte count as soon as possible and avoid infection. (5) If symptoms of post-chemotherapy infection such as cold, weakness, generalized aches and pains, fever, etc. occur, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible and give antibiotic treatment promptly according to the nature of the infection. At present, due to the advantages of Chinese and Western medicine, the two are often combined in clinical practice to treat the toxic side effects of radiotherapy, and good results have been achieved. As more and more drugs are available to prevent leukopenia, the safety of radiotherapy has been greatly improved.