The recurrence rate of urinary stones is high, and there are often residual stones left after lithotripsy, which increases the recurrence rate of stones; therefore, it is of positive significance to prevent recurrence of urinary stones. Analysis of stone composition by natural discharge or removed stones is performed as a basis for prevention and further treatment. Prevention methods are decided according to stone composition, metabolic status and epidemiological factors. The general preventive measures for urinary tract stones are as follows.
1. Drink more water.
This is the simplest and most effective method of prevention. We should develop the habit of drinking more water, but we should avoid drinking black tea and coffee, take the initiative to drink more water, pay attention to appropriate nighttime drinking, and do not wait for thirst before drinking. Low urine volume is one of the most important reasons for the formation of urinary stones. In terms of urine kinetics, the formation of urinary stones is the process of urine salt crystals in urine becoming solid and precipitating out. Increasing fluid intake can increase urine volume, thus reducing the supersaturation of urinary stone components and preventing the recurrence of stones. The recommended daily fluid intake is more than 2000~3000 ml, so that the daily urine volume is maintained at more than 2000~2500 ml. People who work in hot climates or often in high temperature conditions should pay more attention to increase the amount of water they drink to compensate for the water lost through heavy sweating.
2.Appropriate exercise.
Proper exercise after drinking water, such as skipping rope and gymnastics can prevent the occurrence of stones. Long-term inactivity can increase the chance of precipitation of crystal components in the urine and easy to form stones. The incidence of urinary stones in patients who are bedridden for a long time is 2% to 3%, and the incidence is even higher in paralyzed patients, so these patients should be encouraged to move more, or turn over regularly to reduce bone decalcification and promote urine drainage. Physical activity can accelerate the body metabolism. Therefore, patients with urinary tract stones should appropriately increase the amount of activity, according to their physical condition, develop a feasible exercise activity plan, the activity program can be determined by the surrounding environment and their physical condition, simple jumping, running, up and down stairs, gymnastics and pounding the waist and back with the palm of the hand, are conducive to the downward movement of stones, and even discharge stones. Urinary tract stone patients and their families should not think that more bed rest is beneficial to the condition of urinary tract stones. In short, activity is good for urinary tract stone patients.
3, low salt diet.
A high sodium diet will increase urinary calcium excretion and increase the possibility of urinary tract stone formation.
4. Maintain a proper weight.
Studies have shown that being overweight is one of the crucial factors in the formation of urinary stones.
5, diet regulation.
Maintain a comprehensive balance of diet and nutrition, pay attention to dietary regulation, do not be partial diet. To properly limit the intake of calcium, oxalic acid-containing foods and animal protein and refined sugar, and to consume more vegetables with high plant fiber. For patients with hyperuricemia, limiting purine foods and reducing sodium intake are effective measures to prevent stone formation. Foods that contain a lot of purines include animal offal and plant legumes.
Bladder stones are mostly found in children, and the main reason for this is malnutrition and lack of breastfeeding. Therefore, it is important to improve the nutrition of pregnant women as much as possible so that they have enough high-quality milk to feed their babies after delivery. When breast milk is insufficient, infants should be given sufficient amount of milk food such as cow’s milk and goat’s milk to prevent premature feeding of infants with sugary food.
The occurrence of kidney stones is associated with excessive intake of animal protein, excessive intake of refined sugar and too little dietary fiber. Therefore, the intake of animal protein should be properly controlled, because excess animal protein can increase the acidity in the intestine, promote the dissolution and absorption of calcium salts, and increase the concentration of calcium oxalate in the urine. Reducing the intake of animal protein can reduce two risk factors for stone formation, namely hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria. It is important to consume more fresh vegetables and fruits that are high in plant fiber, such as celery.
Ureteral stones should limit the intake of protein, fat, sugar and alcohol.
If conditions permit, stone composition analysis can be performed to adjust the diet according to the chemical composition of stones in order to reduce the source of stone composition, adjust urinary pH and reduce the chance of stone formation.
6. Remove the cause in time.
Urinary tract obstruction caused by various reasons are prone to urine stagnation and the formation of stones, so for the foreskin, prostatic hyperplasia and urethral stricture should be treated in a timely manner to remove the obstruction; for various reasons caused by urinary tract infection to take active and effective treatment measures to control the infection; gout patients can form uric acid stones, active treatment of gout is an effective measure to prevent the occurrence of kidney stones; for those who have kidney, bladder fistula or with catheters, to For those who have kidney or cystostomy or with catheter, change the catheter frequently, take vitamin C, eat more acidic food such as vinegar and umeboshi, or choose amine chloride to acidify the urine and prevent the formation of stones with the catheter as the core; patients with hyperparathyroidism should receive timely surgery to remove adenoma or hyperplastic tissue.
7. Drug control.
For patients with known nature and causes of stones, appropriate drugs can be used according to the nature of the stones to prevent recurrence or continued increase in size.
8.Regular physical examination.
After treatment of urinary tract stones, regular X-ray or B ultrasound examination should be performed to observe whether there is recurrence and to relieve concurrent urinary tract obstruction, infection, foreign body and other factors, which are of great importance to prevent stone recurrence.